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Keywords = smart tour route planning

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24 pages, 6626 KB  
Article
Harnessing GPS Spatiotemporal Big Data to Enhance Visitor Experience and Sustainable Management of UNESCO Heritage Sites: A Case Study of Mount Huangshan, China
by Jianping Sun, Shi Chen, Yinlan Huang, Huifang Rong and Qiong Li
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2025, 14(10), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14100396 - 12 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1702
Abstract
In the era of big data, the rapid proliferation of user-generated content enriched with geolocations offers new perspectives and datasets for probing the spatiotemporal dynamics of tourist mobility. Mining large-scale geospatial traces has become central to tourism geography: it reveals preferences for attractions [...] Read more.
In the era of big data, the rapid proliferation of user-generated content enriched with geolocations offers new perspectives and datasets for probing the spatiotemporal dynamics of tourist mobility. Mining large-scale geospatial traces has become central to tourism geography: it reveals preferences for attractions and routes to enable intelligent recommendation, enhance visitor experience, and advance smart tourism, while also informing spatial planning, crowd management, and sustainable destination development. Using Mount Huangshan—a UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage site—as a case study, we integrate GPS trajectories and geo-tagged photographs from 2017–2023. We apply a Density-Field Hotspot Detector (DF-HD), a Space–Time Cube (STC), and spatial gridding to analyze behavior from temporal, spatial, and fully spatiotemporal perspectives. Results show a characteristic “double-peak, double-trough” seasonal pattern in the number of GPS tracks, cumulative track length, and geo-tagged photos. Tourist behavior exhibits pronounced elevation dependence, with clear vertical differentiation. DF-HD efficiently delineates hierarchical hotspot areas and visitor interest zones, providing actionable evidence for demand-responsive crowd diversion. By integrating sequential time slices with geography in a 3D framework, the STC exposes dynamic spatiotemporal associations and evolutionary regularities in visitor flows, supporting real-time crowd diagnosis and optimized spatial resource allocation. Comparative findings further confirm that Huangshan’s seasonal intensity is significantly lower than previously reported, while the high agreement between trajectory density and gridded photos clarifies the multi-tier clustering of route popularity. These insights furnish a scientific basis for designing secondary tour loops, alleviating pressure on core areas, and charting an effective pathway toward internal structural optimization and sustainable development of the Mount Huangshan Scenic Area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spatial Information for Improved Living Spaces)
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14 pages, 1972 KB  
Concept Paper
Towards Optimal Planning for Green, Smart, and Semantically Enriched Cultural Tours
by Konstantinos Kotis, Asimina Dimara, Sotirios Angelis, Panagiotis Michailidis, Iakovos Michailidis, Christos-Nikolaos Anagnostopoulos, Stelios Krinidis and Elias Kosmatopoulos
Smart Cities 2023, 6(1), 123-136; https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6010007 - 26 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3624
Abstract
This concept paper presents our viewpoint regarding the exploitation of cutting-edge technologies for the delivery of smart tourism cultural tours. Specifically, the paper reports preliminary work on the design of a novel smart tourism solution tailored to a multiobjective optimization system based on [...] Read more.
This concept paper presents our viewpoint regarding the exploitation of cutting-edge technologies for the delivery of smart tourism cultural tours. Specifically, the paper reports preliminary work on the design of a novel smart tourism solution tailored to a multiobjective optimization system based on factors such as the preferences and constraints of the tourist/visitor, the city’s accessibility and traffic, the weather conditions, and others. By optimizing cultural tours and delivering comfortable, easy-to-follow, green, acceptable visiting experiences, the proposed solution, namely, OptiTours, aims to become a leading actor in tourism industry transformation. Moreover, specific actions, applications, and methodologies target increasing touring acceptance while advancing the overall (smart) city impression. OptiTours aims to deliver a novel system to attract visitors and guide them to enjoy a city’s possible points of interest, achieving high visitor acceptance. Advanced technologies in semantic trajectories’ management and optimization in route planning will be exploited towards the discovery of optimal, smart, green, and comfortable routes/tours. A novel multiscale and multifactor optimization system aims to deliver not only optimal personalized routes but also alternative routes, ranked based on visitors’ preferences and constraints. In this concept paper, we contribute a detailed description of the OptiTours approach for ICT-based smart tourism, and a high-level architectural design of the solution that is planned to be implemented in the near future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mobility as a Service Systems in Smart Cities)
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27 pages, 7439 KB  
Article
A Smart Tourism Recommendation Algorithm Based on Cellular Geospatial Clustering and Multivariate Weighted Collaborative Filtering
by Xiao Zhou, Jiangpeng Tian, Jian Peng and Mingzhan Su
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2021, 10(9), 628; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090628 - 19 Sep 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4853
Abstract
Tourist attraction and tour route recommendation are the key research highlights in the field of smart tourism. Currently, the existing recommendation algorithms encounter certain problems when making decisions regarding tourist attractions and tour routes. This paper presents a smart tourism recommendation algorithm based [...] Read more.
Tourist attraction and tour route recommendation are the key research highlights in the field of smart tourism. Currently, the existing recommendation algorithms encounter certain problems when making decisions regarding tourist attractions and tour routes. This paper presents a smart tourism recommendation algorithm based on a cellular geospatial clustering and weighted collaborative filtering. The problems are analyzed and concluded, and then the research ideas and methods to solve the problems are introduced. Aimed at solving the problems, the tourist attraction recommendation model is set up based on a cellular geographic space generating model and a weighted collaborative filtering model. According to the matching degree between the tourists’ interest needs and tourist attraction feature attributes, a precise tourist attraction recommendation is obtained. In combination with the geospatial attributes of the tourist destination, the spatial adjacency clustering model based on the cellular space generating algorithm is set up, and then the weighted model is introduced for the collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm, which ensures that the recommendation result precisely matches the tourists’ needs. Providing precise results, the optimal tour route recommendation model based on the precise tourist attraction approach vector algorithm is set up. The approach vector algorithm is used to search the optimal route between two POIs under the condition of multivariate traffic modes to provide the tourists with the best motive benefits. To verify the feasibility and advantages of the algorithm, this paper designs a sample experiment and analyzes the resulting data to obtain the relevant conclusion. Full article
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35 pages, 4296 KB  
Article
Smart Tour Route Planning Algorithm Based on Naïve Bayes Interest Data Mining Machine Learning
by Xiao Zhou, Mingzhan Su, Zhong Liu, Yu Hu, Bin Sun and Guanghui Feng
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2020, 9(2), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020112 - 19 Feb 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 6152
Abstract
A smart tour route planning algorithm based on a Naïve Bayes interest data mining machine learning is brought forward in the paper, according to the problems of current tour route planning methods. A machine learning model of Naïve Bayes interest data mining is [...] Read more.
A smart tour route planning algorithm based on a Naïve Bayes interest data mining machine learning is brought forward in the paper, according to the problems of current tour route planning methods. A machine learning model of Naïve Bayes interest data mining is set up by learning a mass of training data on tourists’ interests and needs. Through the recommended interest tourist site classifications from the machine learning module, the optimal tourist site mining algorithm based on the membership degree searching propagating tree of a tourist’s temporary accommodation is set up, which mines and outputs the optimal tourist sites. The mined optimal tourist sites are taken as seed points to set up a tour route planning algorithm based on the optimal propagating tree of a closed-loop structure. Through the proposed algorithm, an experiment is designed and performed to output optimal tour routes conforming to tourists’ needs and interests, including the propagating tree closed-loop structures, a minimum heap of propagating tree weight function value, and a weight function value complete binary tree. We prove that the proposed algorithm has the features of intelligence and accuracy, and it can learn tourists’ needs and interests to output optimal tourist sites and tour routes and ensure that tourists can get the best motive benefits and travel experience in the tour process, by analyzing the experiment data and results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Tourism: A GIS-Based Approach)
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26 pages, 3604 KB  
Article
Individualized Tour Route Plan Algorithm Based on Tourist Sight Spatial Interest Field
by Xiao Zhou, Yinhu Zhan, Guanghui Feng, De Zhang and Shaomei Li
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2019, 8(4), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8040192 - 17 Apr 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4257
Abstract
Smart tourism is the new frontier field of the tourism research. To solve current problems of smart tourism and tourism geographic information system (GIS), individualized tour guide route plan algorithm based on tourist sight spatial interest field is set up in the study. [...] Read more.
Smart tourism is the new frontier field of the tourism research. To solve current problems of smart tourism and tourism geographic information system (GIS), individualized tour guide route plan algorithm based on tourist sight spatial interest field is set up in the study. Feature interest tourist sight extracting matrix is formed and basic modeling data is obtained from mass tourism data. Tourism groups are determined by age index. Different age group tourists have various interests; thus interest field mapping model is set up based on individual needs and interests. Random selecting algorithm for selecting interest tourist sights by smart machine is designed. The algorithm covers all tourist sights and relative data information to ensure each tourist sight could be selected equally. In the study, selected tourist sights are set as important nodes while iteration intervals and sub-iteration intervals are defined. According to the principle of proximity and completely random, motive iteration clusters and sub-clusters are formed by all tourist sight parent nodes. Tourist sight data information and geospatial information are set as quantitative indexes to calculate motive iteration values and motive iteration decision trees of each cluster are formed, and then all motive iteration values are stored in descending order in a vector. For each cluster, there is an optimal motive iteration tree and a local optimal solution. For all clusters, there is a global optimal solution. Simulation experiments are performed and results data as well as motive iteration trees are analyzed and evaluated. The evaluation results indicate that the algorithm is effective for mass tourism data mining. The final optimal tour routes planned by the smart machine are closely related to tourists’ needs, interests, and habits, which are fully integrated with geospatial services. The algorithm is an effective demonstration of the application on mass tourism data mining. Full article
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