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Open AccessReview

The Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Platelet-Rich Plasma in Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Systematic Review

by Showbanaa Thangarajah, Rifqah Nordin, Huann Lan Tan, Hui Yuh Soh and Syed Nabil

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 1875; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13071875 - 24 Mar 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2398

Abstract

(1) Background: Cleft lip, alveolus, and palate are the most common congenital abnormalities in the world, occurring in one in seven hundred live births. Secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) is usually performed when the permanent canine root shows one-half to two-thirds of root development. To improve the surgical outcome, supplemental grafting materials such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been used as an adjunct. This review is designed to assess the efficacy of PRF and PRP in improving the outcome of SABG. (2) Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed until 13 October 2022 on MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and Pubmed. The full text of potentially relevant studies was reviewed, and only randomised clinical trials (RCTs) were included based on the inclusion criteria. (3) Results: A total of 656 studies were screened, of which four were included for final review. All of the four included studies that evaluated the quantitative or qualitative surgical outcome in varied ways. (4) Conclusions: Results of this review suggest that both PRF or PRP and control group (without the use of PRF/PRP) achieved similar successful outcomes in bone height, bone density, and bone volume in both qualitative and quantitative assessment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in 2023 and Beyond)

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10 pages, 648 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Dental Root Development Regarding Maxillary Canine Eruption Status after Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate

by Melissa A. Ferguson, Sercan Akyalcin, Hugo Campos, Abigail Gliksten, Kadriye Hargett, Stephanie Yang and James MacLaine

Diagnostics 2023, 13(9), 1642; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13091642 - 6 May 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3101

Abstract

In children born with cleft lip and palate, the timing of the secondary alveolar bone graft (SABG) is crucial to its success; this involves estimating the eruption of the permanent maxillary canine. Altered dental eruption in this patient group gives impetus to the identification of dental developmental factors concerning maxillary canine eruption, which may steer the clinical decision of SABG timing. Records of over nine hundred patients who received SABG with pre- and post-operative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were analyzed for inclusion and divided into two groups (erupting or non-erupting canine after SABG). Roots of the maxillary canines and premolars were segmented from the cementoenamel junction then linear and volumetric measurements were performed. The pre- and post-operative root length and volume differences were calculated and compared statistically using independent sample tests and paired t-tests. No statistically significant differences were found in the volume change (%), or reciprocal of mean root length in the erupted and unerupted groups in the canine, first premolar, or second premolar roots except for an association between the post-operative dental root length of the canine and the maxillary canine eruption status. Therefore, assessment of root development from pre-treatment CBCT scans was not deemed worthy from a diagnostic perspective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Imaging)

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10 pages, 908 KB

Open AccessArticle

Alveolar Volume Following Different Timings of Secondary Bone Grafting in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate. A Pilot Study

by Andrzej Brudnicki, Piotr A. Regulski, Ewa Sawicka and Piotr S. Fudalej

J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(16), 3524; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163524 - 11 Aug 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3834

Abstract

This study was intended to evaluate the relationship between secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) timing and the alveolar volume in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The material consisted of CTs of 35 patients (17 males, 18 females) with UCLP who underwent a one-stage primary cleft repair at a mean age of 8.4 months and SABG at different timings ranges of 1.8–18.8 years. The mean age at CT was 17.2 years. The relative coefficient (Ꞷ) which was independent from factors such as individual maxillary size, gender or age at the CT was introduced in order to compare volumes of the cleft-side in relation to the non-cleft-side alveolus. Pearson correlation coefficient r between Ꞷ coefficient and SABG timing was weak negative (r = −0.34, p = 0.045). The multiple regression analysis implied that the dependent variable-Ꞷ coefficient was associated with independent variables (cleft repair and SABG timings and age at CT) with r² = 0.228. Only patient’s age at SABG explained the dependent variable (p = 0.003). The study cautiously indicates a tendency to larger alveolar volume following earlier timing of SABG. Nevertheless, the further research on a larger group of patients should be performed before formulating any clinical indications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bone Regeneration in Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)

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10 pages, 813 KB

Open AccessArticle

Frequency of Additional Congenital Dental Anomalies in Children with Cleft Lip, Alveolar and Palate

by Przemysław Pastuszak, Izabella Dunin-Wilczyńska and Agnieszka Lasota

J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(12), 3813; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123813 - 25 Nov 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3818

Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the risk of incidence of additional congenital dental anomalies in children with nonsyndromic cleft lip, alveolar and/without palate (CL/P). Hypodontia, hyperdontia and canines impaction was recognized. From patients with CL/P treated at the Clinic of Congenital Facial Deformities in Chair and Department of Jaw Orthopedics Medical University of Lublin, 56 subjects were randomly selected. On the panoramic radiographs taken at the age of 8–12 years, the angle of upper unerupted canines was measured using Westerlund’s recommendations. The supernumerary teeth and hypodontia were checked. The procedures: maxillary expansion, secondary alveolar bone graft (SABG) and extraction of primary canines were noted. The frequency of canines impaction was 5.36%. Hypodontia was found in 37.5% of patients; hyperdontia was present in 23.21% of patients. No influence of procedures (expansion of the maxilla, SABG, deciduous canines extraction) on permanent maxillary canine eruption was proved. Patients with CL/P are exposed to the unfavorable position of unerupted maxillary canines most frequently in the cleft area of complete cleft. Maxillary lateral incisor on the cleft side is most frequently affected with congenital anomaly. Hypodontia and hyperdontia do not influence maxillary canine impaction. Good clinical result was achieved with an applied approach, which should be widely introduced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Management of Craniofacial Anomalies—a Multi-Disciplinary Team Approach)

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9 pages, 527 KB

Open AccessArticle

Surgical Outcomes of Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting and Extensive Gingivoperiosteoplasty Performed at Mixed Dentition Stage in Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate

by Yu-Ying Chu, Frank Chun-Shin Chang, Ting-Chen Lu, Che-Hsiung Lee and Philip Kuo-Ting Chen

J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(2), 576; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020576 - 20 Feb 2020

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 14322

Abstract

Secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) is associated with donor site morbidities. We aimed to compare the outcomes of SABG and extensive gingivoperiosteoplasty (EGPP) at the mixed dentition stage. This single-blinded, randomized, prospective trial enrolled 50 consecutive patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate who had residual alveolar bone cleft, of which 44 (19 SABG, 25 EGPP) completed the study. Bone volumes before surgery, 6 months postoperatively, and 1-year postoperatively were compared using computed tomography. The Bergland scale score was recorded at 6 months postoperatively. Both groups had the same preoperative alveolar cleft volume. On the Bergland scale, 21, 3, and 1 patient in the EGPP group and 16, 2, and 1 patient in the SABG group were classified as types I, II, and IV, respectively, which did not show significant difference. With perioperative orthodontic treatment, the 1-year residual bone defect volume in both groups did not show significant difference (SABG 0.12 cm³ vs. EGPP at 0.14 cm³, p > 0.05). The study was not able to reveal much difference between SABG and EGPP combined with perioperative orthodontic treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Clinical and Translational Research of Oral Surgery, Biomaterials, and Oral Disease Management)

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