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Keywords = reverse iodine transfer polymerization

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25 pages, 3715 KB  
Article
Preparation of Emulsifier-Free Styrene–Acrylic Emulsion via Reverse Iodine Transfer Polymerization
by Tao Huang and Shuling Gong
Polymers 2021, 13(19), 3348; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13193348 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6177
Abstract
Styrene–acrylic emulsions containing hydroxyl functional monomer unit’s component are widely used for maintenance coating. In this paper, a stable emulsifier-free styrene–acrylic emulsion with solid content over 43% could be obtained in 210 min via reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP). By adding a mixture [...] Read more.
Styrene–acrylic emulsions containing hydroxyl functional monomer unit’s component are widely used for maintenance coating. In this paper, a stable emulsifier-free styrene–acrylic emulsion with solid content over 43% could be obtained in 210 min via reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP). By adding a mixture of methacrylic acid (MAA) and poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) into a system containing a high content of hydroxyl functional monomer component (19.4 wt.% of the total monomer mass), styrene (St) could be copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA); the modified film exhibited good hardness properties, good adhesive properties, and low water absorption. An increase in the amount of PEGMA decreased the glass transition temperature (Tg). When 1.4 times the reference amount of initiator was added, the highest molecular weight Mn could reach 40,000 g.·mol−1 with 0.25 times the reference amount of iodine in the emulsion. The largest tensile strength of the dried emulsion film over 5.5 MPa endowed the material with good mechanical properties. Living polymerization was proven by the kinetics of RITP emulsion and chain extension reaction. TEM micrographs manifest the emulsification of the seed random copolymer. This paper may provide a potential methodology for preparing polymer materials with excellent mechanical properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymers Synthesis and Characterization)
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20 pages, 2340 KB  
Article
Emulsifier-Free Acrylate-Based Emulsion Prepared by Reverse Iodine Transfer Polymerization
by Tao Huang, Qing-Xia Yuan and Shu-Ling Gong
Polymers 2020, 12(3), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12030730 - 24 Mar 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6577
Abstract
The self-emulsifying acrylate-based emulsions with solid content 45 wt.% were prepared in 3.5 h by reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP), and the polymer molecular weight (Mn) could be 30,000 g·mol−1. The influences of methacrylic acid (MAA) amount, soft/hard [...] Read more.
The self-emulsifying acrylate-based emulsions with solid content 45 wt.% were prepared in 3.5 h by reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP), and the polymer molecular weight (Mn) could be 30,000 g·mol−1. The influences of methacrylic acid (MAA) amount, soft/hard monomer mass ratio, and iodine amount on polymerization and latex were investigated. A moderate amount of ionized MAA was needed to stabilize the emulsion. Glass transition temperature (Tg) was decreased with the increasing mass ratio of soft/hard monomer. A higher iodine amount resulted in lower Mn. The increased Mn after chain extension of the polymer with water-insoluble monomers in iterative one-pot method proved the living of polymer. Compared with conventional emulsion polymerization, molecular weight (Mn) could be controlled, and Mn of polymer synthesized in RITP emulsion polymerization is higher; emulsion of polyacrylate-containing hydroxyl monomer units prepared by RITP emulsifier-free radical polymerization is more stable. Good properties, such as hardness, water resistance, adhesion, and increased value of maximum tensile of films modified by reaction of polyacrylate with melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resin, indicated potential application in baking coating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Chemistry)
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16 pages, 1837 KB  
Article
Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation Based Detailed Understanding of the Transfer Processes in Semi-Batch Iodine Transfer Emulsion Polymerizations of Vinylidene Fluoride
by Florian Brandl, Marco Drache and Sabine Beuermann
Polymers 2018, 10(9), 1008; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10091008 - 10 Sep 2018
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5586
Abstract
Semi-batch emulsion polymerizations of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) are reported. The molar mass control is achieved via iodine transfer polymerization (ITP) using IC4F8I as chain transfer agent. Polymerizations carried out at 75 °C and pressures ranging from 10 to 30 [...] Read more.
Semi-batch emulsion polymerizations of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) are reported. The molar mass control is achieved via iodine transfer polymerization (ITP) using IC4F8I as chain transfer agent. Polymerizations carried out at 75 °C and pressures ranging from 10 to 30 bar result in low dispersity polymers with respect to the molar mass distribution (MMD). At higher pressures a significant deviation from the ideal behavior expected for a reversible deactivation transfer polymerization occurs. As identified by kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations of the activation–deactivation equilibrium, during the initialization period of the chain transfer agent already significant propagation occurs due to the higher pressure, and thus, the higher monomer concentration available. Based on the kMC modeling results, semi-batch emulsion polymerizations were carried out as a two pressure process, which resulted in very good control of the MMD associated with a comparably high polymerization rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Connecting the Fields of Polymer Reaction Engineering and Processing)
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