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Search Results (4)

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Keywords = peach tree borer

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16 pages, 6358 KiB  
Article
Early Detection of Potential Infestation by Capnodis tenebrionis (L.) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in Stone and Pome Fruit Orchards, Using Multispectral Data from a UAV
by Evaggelia Arapostathi, Christina Panopoulou, Athanasios Antonopoulos, Anastasios Katsileros, Konstantinos Karellas, Christos Dimopoulos and Antonios Tsagkarakis
Agronomy 2024, 14(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010020 - 21 Dec 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2507
Abstract
Wood-boring insect pests pose a significant threat to orchards, potentially leading to tree mortality. In the initial stages of infestation, no visible symptoms are apparent, but as infestations progress, rapid and widespread symptoms emerge, resulting in accelerated tree decline. Therefore, the timely detection [...] Read more.
Wood-boring insect pests pose a significant threat to orchards, potentially leading to tree mortality. In the initial stages of infestation, no visible symptoms are apparent, but as infestations progress, rapid and widespread symptoms emerge, resulting in accelerated tree decline. Therefore, the timely detection of early wood-boring insect symptoms is critical for effective pest control, necessitating advanced methods such as remote sensing. In this study, remote sensing is utilized to identify the early symptoms of peach flatheaded root borer (PFRB) infestation in trees. A multispectral sensor attached to a UAV captures aerial imagery data from stone fruit and pome fruit orchards. These data undergo processing in photogrammetric and GIS programs, where NDVI, NDRE, and the tree crown area are computed. On-site observations confirm PFRB infestations. Various machine-learning models, including logistic regression (LR), artificial neural network (NN), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), are compared using mean NDVI values, mean NDRE values, crown area, mean temperature, and mean relative humidity. Mean NDVI values emerge as the most crucial factor for predicting PFRB infestation across all machine-learning models. The XGBoost model proves the most effective, achieving an accuracy of 0.85, with marginal variations from the other tested models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Precision and Digital Agriculture)
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10 pages, 1384 KiB  
Article
Using the Nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, to Control Peachtree Borer (Synanthedon exitiosa): Optimization of Application Rates and Secondary Benefits in Control of Root-Feeding Weevils
by Colin Wong, Camila Oliveira-Hofman, Brett R. Blaauw, Dario Chavez, Ganpati Jagdale, Russell F. Mizell and David Shapiro-Ilan
Agronomy 2022, 12(11), 2689; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112689 - 29 Oct 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2811
Abstract
The peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa (Say) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is a major pest of stone fruits including the peach Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. The entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, was previously shown to be an effective tool for controlling S. exitiosa. In orchards [...] Read more.
The peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa (Say) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is a major pest of stone fruits including the peach Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. The entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, was previously shown to be an effective tool for controlling S. exitiosa. In orchards where irrigation is not available, a sprayable gel (Barricade®) can be used to maintain soil moisture which can facilitate nematode efficacy. However, rates of nematode and Barricade® application had not been optimized for their maximum economic and biocontrol efficiency. Therefore, our objective was to compare rates of S. carpocapsae and Barricade® in field trials. Nematodes were tested at per-tree application rates of 1.5 million, 1 million and 0.5 million infective juveniles. The sprayable gel was used at two rates, 4% and 2%. A reduction in the used nematodes from 1.5 million to 0.5 million per tree showed no difference in efficacy. Similarly, using the gel at half rate also did not impact the efficacy, and treatments containing nematodes controlled the S. exitiosa better than the chlorpyrifos control in several of the tests (p < 0.05). As an added benefit, the nematode treatments were also able to reduce the prevalence of weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations as secondary pests of the peach trees. The lower rates of grower inputs will reduce costs, making the nematode biocontrol of the peachtree borer more likely to be adopted by commercial growers of peach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nematodes: Drivers of Agricultural Ecosystem Performance)
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9 pages, 1329 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Mating Disruption and Insecticide Application for Control of Peachtree Borer and Lesser Peachtree Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in Peach
by Daniel L. Frank, Stephen Starcher and Rakesh S. Chandran
Insects 2020, 11(10), 658; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11100658 - 25 Sep 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2226
Abstract
The peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa, and lesser peachtree borer, S. pictipes, are economically important indirect pests of peach in West Virginia. The purpose of this 3-year study was to compare the efficacy of mating disruption and post-harvest trunk sprays of chlorpyrifos [...] Read more.
The peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa, and lesser peachtree borer, S. pictipes, are economically important indirect pests of peach in West Virginia. The purpose of this 3-year study was to compare the efficacy of mating disruption and post-harvest trunk sprays of chlorpyrifos insecticide for control of this pest complex in a commercial peach orchard. Overall, Isomate PTB-Dual disruption dispensers applied at a rate of 371/ha significantly disrupted the male mate-finding behavior of S. exitiosa and S. pictipes. In addition, the infestation of peach trees by S. exitiosa larvae did not vary significantly between mating disruption and insecticide treated plots. Hot-spot maps of S. exitiosa infestation showed significant spatial clusters of infestation predominately near the perimeter of all orchard plots, or where trees were missing within and/or between rows. The generation of standard deviational ellipses revelated that the location of S. exitiosa infestations in orchard plots remained relatively constant between years, and were generally oriented in a north and easterly direction, which coincided with the prevailing wind direction. Although our data indicated that mating disruption can provide growers with an effective non-chemical alternative to chlorpyrifos trunk sprays, several variables may affect its long-term success in West Virginia peach orchards; most notably the presence of high population densities, problems with maintaining adequate pheromone coverage, and the need for area-wide implementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Insect Pest and Vector Management)
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4 pages, 23 KiB  
Article
10-Undecenoic Acid, an Inexpensive Source for the Synthesis of the Pheromones of Cotton Pests, Peach Tree Borer and Cherry Tree Borer
by Archana S. Pawar and Subrata Chattopadhyay
Molecules 1997, 2(6), 87-90; https://doi.org/10.3390/20600087 - 10 Jun 1997
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 8502
Abstract
The aldehyde 7, derived from 10-undecenoic acid (5) on cis-selective Wittig reaction with pentylidenetriphenylphosphorane, subsequent deprotection and oxidation gave the pheromone (11Z)-hexadecenal (1). Wittig-Horner olefination of 1 with the phosphonate 9 furnished the conjugated ester 10 which on base catalyzed isomerization to [...] Read more.
The aldehyde 7, derived from 10-undecenoic acid (5) on cis-selective Wittig reaction with pentylidenetriphenylphosphorane, subsequent deprotection and oxidation gave the pheromone (11Z)-hexadecenal (1). Wittig-Horner olefination of 1 with the phosphonate 9 furnished the conjugated ester 10 which on base catalyzed isomerization to the (3Z)-ester 11 followed by LAH reduction and acetylation gave (3Z,13Z)-octadeadien-1-yl acetate (2). Compound 10 on the other hand was chemoselectively reduced and acetylated to furnish the pheromone (2E,13Z)-octadeadien-1-yl acetate (4). For the synthesis of (3E,13Z)-octadeadien-1-yl acetate (3), 1 was condensed with malonic acid under modified condition to afford the acid 13 which was converted to 3 by standard reaction protocol. Full article
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