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Keywords = paraneoplastic vasculitis

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7 pages, 2641 KB  
Case Report
Fever of Unknown Origin and Penetrating Aortic Ulcer Successfully Treated with Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair—A Case Report
by Tomislav Jakljević, Franka Kunovac, Tatjana Zekić and Vjekoslav Tomulić
Diagnostics 2025, 15(23), 3077; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15233077 - 3 Dec 2025
Viewed by 481
Abstract
Background and Clinical Significance: Fever of undetermined origin (FUO is a diagnostic challenge. It is essential to exclude infections, paraneoplastic syndromes, and large-vessel vasculitis (LVV). Case presentation: We describe a 59-year-old female with FUO and no apparent signs of infection. Laboratory [...] Read more.
Background and Clinical Significance: Fever of undetermined origin (FUO is a diagnostic challenge. It is essential to exclude infections, paraneoplastic syndromes, and large-vessel vasculitis (LVV). Case presentation: We describe a 59-year-old female with FUO and no apparent signs of infection. Laboratory results were consistent with inflammation (ESR 83, CRP 203 (ref. value (RV) < 5 mg/dl), ferritin 311 (RV < 120 µg/L), microcytic anemia, thrombocytosis. With administration of both ceftriaxone and levofloxacin, a decrease in CRP was monitored (51 mg/L). HRCT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealed a saccular aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta and an ectatic right common iliac artery. Due to suspicion of LVV, CT angiography was performed to exclude inflammatory changes in the blood vessels. Diffuse atherosclerosis with a 30 mm penetrating thoracic aortic ulcer (PAU) was found. PET-CT and leukocyte scintigraphy were used to rule out vasculitis and infection. The patient was successfully treated with Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR). Conclusions: As sophisticated imaging techniques become more widely used, more PAUs are being detected as incidental abnormalities in individuals without acute aortic syndrome. With adequate management, many people with PAU can live a stable and healthy life without experiencing significant consequences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insights into Imaging Diagnosis of Heart Disease)
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28 pages, 4916 KB  
Review
Emerging Ocular Side Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review
by Kevin Y. Wu, Yoel Yakobi, Diana D. Gueorguieva and Éric Mazerolle
Biomedicines 2024, 12(11), 2547; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12112547 - 7 Nov 2024
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6502
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, offering significant improvements in patient survival across various malignancies. However, their use is associated with a broad spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including those affecting the eye and its surrounding structures, collectively termed ocular [...] Read more.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, offering significant improvements in patient survival across various malignancies. However, their use is associated with a broad spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including those affecting the eye and its surrounding structures, collectively termed ocular irAEs (OirAEs). Although rare, OirAEs (e.g., keratitis, uveitis, retinal vasculitis, etc.) can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life, leading to ocular complications if left untreated. This review provides a comprehensive overview of OirAEs associated with ICIs, including their clinical manifestations, underlying mechanisms, and current management strategies. We delve into the anterior and posterior segment adverse events, highlighting conditions such as dry eye, uveitis, and retinal disorders, as well as neuro-ophthalmic and orbital complications. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges in diagnosing and treating these conditions, particularly given the overlap with other autoimmune and paraneoplastic syndromes. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps and suggest future research directions aimed at optimizing the management of OirAEs while maintaining the efficacy of cancer therapy. This review underscores the need for increased awareness among clinicians to prevent irreversible ocular damage and enhance patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Immunotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Cancer)
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7 pages, 1418 KB  
Case Report
Stereotactic Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Paraneoplastic Vasculitis in Oligometastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
by Laura Burgess, Marissa Keenan, Alan Liang Zhou, Kiefer Lypka, Delvina Hasimja Saraqini, Jeff Yao, Samuel Martin, Christopher Morash, James Watterson, Christina Canil and Robert MacRae
Curr. Oncol. 2021, 28(3), 1744-1750; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28030162 - 7 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3165
Abstract
Approximately 20% of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is diagnosed because of paraneoplastic manifestations. RCC has been associated with a large variety of paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS), but it is rarely associated with PNS vasculitis. We present a case of a previously healthy male who [...] Read more.
Approximately 20% of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is diagnosed because of paraneoplastic manifestations. RCC has been associated with a large variety of paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS), but it is rarely associated with PNS vasculitis. We present a case of a previously healthy male who presented with systemic vasculitis; bitemporal headaches, diplopia, polyarthritis, palpable purpura, tongue lesion, peri-orbital edema, scleritis, chondritis and constitutional symptoms. He was subsequently found to have oligometastatic RCC. Both his primary lesion and site of oligometastasis were treated with stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) and resulted in the resolution of his vasculitis, as well as sustained oncologic response. This is the first case to demonstrate that effective sustained treatment for PNS vasculitis due to oligometastatic RCC is possible with SBRT. Full article
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4 pages, 1544 KB  
Case Report
Encephalic Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis during Treatment with Sunitinib for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
by Maria Massucci, Veronica Mollica, Alessandro Rizzo, Laura Ventrella, Ilaria Maggio, Lisa Manuzzi, Lidia Gatto, Giovanni Brandi and Francesco Massari
Medicines 2021, 8(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines8010005 - 11 Jan 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4017
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor that arises in the kidney parenchyma. For many years, sunitinib has represented the mainstay of medical treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Herein, we present the case of a 66-year-old woman with metastatic clear cell renal [...] Read more.
Renal cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor that arises in the kidney parenchyma. For many years, sunitinib has represented the mainstay of medical treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Herein, we present the case of a 66-year-old woman with metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma undergoing treatment with sunitinib for two years that developed encephalic leukocytoclastic vasculitis, probably due to a paraneoplastic syndrome. Full article
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2 pages, 1311 KB  
Case Report
Bilateral Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis as First Manifestation of Primary Burkitt Lymphoma of the Thyroid Gland
by Mehdi Moghaddasi, Mona Nabovvati and Saeed Razmeh
Neurol. Int. 2017, 9(2), 7133; https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2017.7133 - 27 Jun 2017
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 699
Abstract
Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare condition that is usually associated with infections, pregnancy, vasculitis and some types of medication, such as the contraceptive pill and paraneoplastic. Primary Burkitt lymphoma (PBL) of the thyroid gland is very uncommon and the clinical description [...] Read more.
Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare condition that is usually associated with infections, pregnancy, vasculitis and some types of medication, such as the contraceptive pill and paraneoplastic. Primary Burkitt lymphoma (PBL) of the thyroid gland is very uncommon and the clinical description of such cases has been largely limited to case reports. In this paper, we present a case of CST as the first manifestation of PBL of the thyroid gland. To the best of our knowledge, our patient is the first case report of PBL of the thyroid gland that presents with bilateral CST. Full article
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