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With the continuous increase in the number of vehicles worldwide, parking challenges have become more severe, making it a shared goal for governments to alleviate parking difficulties in urban centers. Shared parking has emerged as an effective solution to address parking problems and has been widely studied in recent years. However, existing research primarily focuses on static or single-period parking matching, often neglecting the conflicts between overdue parking users and subsequent users. Therefore, addressing the impact of overdue parking on shared parking systems is highly important. This study proposes a multi-period dynamic matching decision model (MDMD), which divides the operation period of the shared parking platform into multiple decision points. At each decision point, parking demands are classified into four categories: newly arriving demands, allocated demands with a start time not within the current decision point, overdue demands during the current decision point, and demands affected by overdue parking. Three decision variables are established to determine matching schemes for the first, second, and fourth types of parking demands, facilitating a dynamic decision-making process that effectively mitigates the impact of overdue parking. A corresponding algorithm is designed to solve the model. Since the single-period model is a linear programming model, the CPLEX solver obtains allocation schemes for each decision point. These schemes, along with new parking demands, are used as input for the next decision point, achieving a dynamic matching process. Simulation experiments are conducted to compare the MDMD model with the traditional First-Book-First-Served (FBFS) model based on platform revenue, parking space utilization, and parking demand acceptance rate. The experimental results show that, compared to FBFS, MDMD improves long-term earnings by 83%, actual profits in recent profits by 6.6%, and parking space utilization by 8% while maintaining a similar parking demand acceptance rate. To validate the robustness of the model, additional simulations are performed under various overdue probability scenarios, demonstrating that MDMD maintains stable system performance across different probabilities. These improvements highlight the advantages of the dynamic matching strategy, distinguishing this study from existing methods lacking adaptability. These findings provide valuable insights for the optimization of shared parking systems, contributing to sustainable transportation solutions and efficient urban mobility management. Full article

The conflict between development and conservation concerns is a perennial topic in sustainable development, and especially significant for marginalized social groups. In Nepal, fortress conservation in protected areas (PA) gave way to a community-based development and natural resource management (CBNRM) narrative of inclusion and participation in so-called buffer zone (BZ) initiatives around national parks. Studies to date show mixed outcomes of the community-based model for marginalized communities, especially for traditional indigenous river and forest dwellers. Academic and government reports of successes and failures of community-based projects in Nepal assume progress is based on traditional indigenous livelihood practices being abandoned and participation in state modernization initiatives in parks and reserves. Thus, despite promises of participation, evidence to date shows a de facto continuation of fortress conservation thinking and erasure of customary knowledge and livelihoods. Based on an ethnographic inquiry informed by political ecology conducted in two villages of Bote IPs (in the buffer zone area) of the Nawalparasi District of Chitwan National Park (CNP), we describe how state interventions and regulations under the guise of community-based participation actively ignore the moral ecology of traditional riverine livelihoods while pursuing a modernization project. Echoing calls by other scholars and stakeholders, we argue that a new approach to conservation and development that respects the environmental ethics of traditional livelihoods is long overdue in Nepal. Full article