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Keywords = ornithobacteriosis

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12 pages, 1213 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Impact of Land Cover on the Occurrence of Ornithobacteriosis and Fowl Cholera: A Case-Case Study
by Lingyu Ouyang, Magnus R. Campler, Sandy Wong, Ningchuan Xiao and Andréia G. Arruda
Animals 2025, 15(3), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030396 - 30 Jan 2025
Viewed by 905
Abstract
Ornithobacterium rhinotrachealis (ORT) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) are two major bacterial pathogens affecting the United States (US) commercial turkey industry. This retrospective observational case-case study aimed to investigate the association between land cover and confirmed disease occurrences attributed to PM or ORT in [...] Read more.
Ornithobacterium rhinotrachealis (ORT) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) are two major bacterial pathogens affecting the United States (US) commercial turkey industry. This retrospective observational case-case study aimed to investigate the association between land cover and confirmed disease occurrences attributed to PM or ORT in commercial turkey sites located in the Midwestern US A total of 65 farms from one poultry production company were included, where 28 had PM disease occurrences and 37 had ORT disease occurrences between 2014 and 2021. Risk factors of interest included land cover types (wetlands, forest, urban, pasture, herbaceous, barren, shrub), poultry-farm density in the area, and season and year of confirmed outbreak(s). A multivariable logistic regression model revealed that for every 1 m increase in distance from a farm to the nearest wetland, the odds of a confirmed disease occurrence related to PM decreased by approximately 0.24% compared to an ORT-related disease occurrence (p = 0.004). Meanwhile, PM occurrence during 2014–2017 was 98.5% higher than 2018–2019 and 93.2% higher than in 2020–2021. Broadly, the findings contribute to the dearth of research on land cover and turkey respiratory diseases and demonstrate that land cover is an important consideration for farm management and future study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Poultry)
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14 pages, 268 KiB  
Article
Development and Validation of PCR Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Avibacterium paragallinarum and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
by Ekaterina Krylova, Alexandra Bogomazova, Nataliya Kirsanova, Anastasiya Putintseva, Natalia Gorbacheva, Olga Prasolova, Irina Soltynskaya and Olga Ivanova
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11010007 - 22 Dec 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2701
Abstract
PCR is the most effective method for detecting difficult-to-cultivate pathogens and pathogens that are part of mixed infections in animals, such as Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, which causes bird ornithobacteriosis, or Avibacterium paragallinarum, which causes infectious coryza. In this work, we developed and [...] Read more.
PCR is the most effective method for detecting difficult-to-cultivate pathogens and pathogens that are part of mixed infections in animals, such as Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, which causes bird ornithobacteriosis, or Avibacterium paragallinarum, which causes infectious coryza. In this work, we developed and validated two efficient and sensitive diagnostic assays for the rapid and accurate detection of A. paragallinarum and O. rhinotracheale DNA in bacterial isolates and clinical samples using real-time PCR with TaqMan-like probes. When designing the PCR assays, we performed in silico analysis, optimized DNA isolation methods and PCR conditions, and assessed the analytical and diagnostic performance of PCR. We designed primers and probes that have no mismatches with published whole-genome sequences of bacteria. The optimization of conditions showed that the PCR assays are sufficiently robust to changes in temperature and oligonucleotide concentration. The validation showed that the developed assays have high analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. These assays are expected to improve the differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases in chickens and turkeys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Veterinary Clinical Microbiology)
15 pages, 1032 KiB  
Article
Development and Validation of a New TaqMan Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
by Amro Hashish, Avanti Sinha, Yuko Sato, Nubia R. Macedo and Mohamed El-Gazzar
Microorganisms 2022, 10(2), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020341 - 1 Feb 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3828 | Correction
Abstract
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) has been associated with poultry respiratory disease worldwide. The organism is fastidious and isolation is challenging. One TaqMan real-time PCR (qPCR) assay has been developed for the detection of ORT. However, during validating the ORT qPCR, the assay performance was [...] Read more.
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) has been associated with poultry respiratory disease worldwide. The organism is fastidious and isolation is challenging. One TaqMan real-time PCR (qPCR) assay has been developed for the detection of ORT. However, during validating the ORT qPCR, the assay performance was suboptimal. During the in silico evaluation, deviations from the basic parameters for primers and probes designs (e.g., presence of stable undesirable primer-dimers) were observed. The suboptimal design led to low efficiency and low sensitivity of the assay. Initially, modification on the probe was carried out to improve the performance of the assay. However, the assay’s performance (efficiency and sensitivity) was still suboptimal. In this manuscript, we describe the development of a new qPCR assay and the comparison of its performance with the currently available assay. A highly efficient, sensitive, and specific qPCR assay was developed with approximately 1000-folds reduction in the limit of detection (from 3 × 106 plasmid DNA copies/mL to 1 × 103 plasmid DNA copies/mL). Additionally, the efficiency of the new assay (E = 98.70%) was significantly better than the current assay (E = 73.18%). The newly developed assay is an improved diagnostic tool for the sensitive and efficient diagnosis of ORT from clinical samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Avian Pathogens)
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