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Keywords = no-calibration

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10 pages, 708 KB  
Article
Improved Propagation Constant Determination Using Two-Line Measurements
by Musa Bute
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010162 - 23 Dec 2025
Viewed by 663
Abstract
Accurate determination of the propagation constant (γ) in uniform microwave lines is critical but challenging due to the requirement for complex calibration and susceptibility to measurement noise. In order to overcome these limitations, a new objective function has been derived for [...] Read more.
Accurate determination of the propagation constant (γ) in uniform microwave lines is critical but challenging due to the requirement for complex calibration and susceptibility to measurement noise. In order to overcome these limitations, a new objective function has been derived for improved propagation constant γ measurement of uniform lines with symmetric reflections through calibration-free line–line measurements. Well-known methods in the literature on the determination of propagation constants with reflection asymmetry and non-reciprocal behavior structures are investigated and compared. To this end, mathematical derivations related to theory of microwave networks are validated by measurements in microwave frequency range X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz). Its advantage relies on the fact that it uses a term which is in the product form of determinants of two characteristic terms, whose value is close to unity both in theory and experiments. Eigenfactor (complex exponential) and γ measurements of an X-band uniform (empty) waveguide section with symmetric reflections were carried out to validate our proposed formalism. Full article
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12 pages, 1036 KB  
Article
Accuracy of the Dexcom G6 Glucose Sensor during Aerobic, Resistance, and Interval Exercise in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
by Florian H. Guillot, Peter G. Jacobs, Leah M. Wilson, Joseph El Youssef, Virginia B. Gabo, Deborah L. Branigan, Nichole S. Tyler, Katrina Ramsey, Michael C. Riddell and Jessica R. Castle
Biosensors 2020, 10(10), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios10100138 - 29 Sep 2020
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 9296
Abstract
The accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors may be significantly impacted by exercise. We evaluated the impact of three different types of exercise on the accuracy of the Dexcom G6 sensor. Twenty-four adults with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily injections wore [...] Read more.
The accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors may be significantly impacted by exercise. We evaluated the impact of three different types of exercise on the accuracy of the Dexcom G6 sensor. Twenty-four adults with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily injections wore a G6 sensor. Participants were randomized to aerobic, resistance, or high intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise. Each participant completed two in-clinic 30-min exercise sessions. The sensors were applied on average 5.3 days prior to the in-clinic visits (range 0.6–9.9). Capillary blood glucose (CBG) measurements with a Contour Next meter were performed before and after exercise as well as every 10 min during exercise. No CGM calibrations were performed. The median absolute relative difference (MARD) and median relative difference (MRD) of the CGM as compared with the reference CBG did not differ significantly from the start of exercise to the end exercise across all exercise types (ranges for aerobic MARD: 8.9 to 13.9% and MRD: −6.4 to 0.5%, resistance MARD: 7.7 to 14.5% and MRD: −8.3 to −2.9%, HIIT MARD: 12.1 to 16.8% and MRD: −14.3 to −9.1%). The accuracy of the no-calibration Dexcom G6 CGM was not significantly impacted by aerobic, resistance, or HIIT exercise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Evaluation of Sensors in Diabetes)
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