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Keywords = miscellaneous electric loads

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24 pages, 1713 KiB  
Article
Endpoint Use Efficiency Comparison for AC and DC Power Distribution in Commercial Buildings
by Arthur Santos, Gerald Duggan, Stephen Frank, Daniel Gerber and Daniel Zimmerle
Energies 2021, 14(18), 5863; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185863 - 16 Sep 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2671
Abstract
Advances in power electronics and their use in Miscellaneous Electric Loads (MELs) in buildings have resulted in increased interest in using low-voltage direct current (DC) power distribution as a replacement for the standard alternating current (AC) power distribution in buildings. Both systems require [...] Read more.
Advances in power electronics and their use in Miscellaneous Electric Loads (MELs) in buildings have resulted in increased interest in using low-voltage direct current (DC) power distribution as a replacement for the standard alternating current (AC) power distribution in buildings. Both systems require an endpoint converter to convert the distribution system voltage to the MELs voltage requirements. This study focused on the efficiency of these endpoint converters by testing pairs of AC/DC and DC/DC power converters powering the same load profile. In contrast to prior studies, which estimated losses based on data sheet efficiency and rated loads, in this study, we used part load data derived from real-world time-series load measurements of MELs and experimentally characterized efficiency curves for all converters. The measurements performed for this study showed no systematic efficiency advantage for commercially available DC/DC endpoint converters relative to comparable, commercially available AC/DC endpoint converters. For the eight appliances analyzed with the pair of converters tested, in 50%, the weighted energy efficiency of the DC/DC converter was higher, while, for the other 50%, the AC/DC converter was. Additionally, the measurements indicated that the common assumption of using either data sheet efficiency values or efficiency at full load may result in substantial mis-estimates of the system efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling and Simulation of Power Systems and Power Electronics)
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19 pages, 1272 KiB  
Article
Emerging Zero-Standby Solutions for Miscellaneous Electric Loads and the Internet of Things
by Daniel L. Gerber, Alan Meier, Richard Liou and Robert Hosbach
Electronics 2019, 8(5), 570; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050570 - 23 May 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 8063
Abstract
Despite technical advances in efficiency, devices in standby continue to consume up to 16% of residential electricity. Finding practical, cost-effective reductions is difficult. While the per-unit power consumption has fallen, the number of units continuously drawing power continues to grow. This work reviews [...] Read more.
Despite technical advances in efficiency, devices in standby continue to consume up to 16% of residential electricity. Finding practical, cost-effective reductions is difficult. While the per-unit power consumption has fallen, the number of units continuously drawing power continues to grow. This work reviews a family of technologies that can eliminate standby consumption in many types of electrical plug loads. It also investigates several solutions in detail and develops prototypes. First, burst mode and sleep transistors are established as building blocks for zero-standby solutions. This work then studies the application of two types of wake-up signals. The first is from an optical transmission, and is applicable to remote-controlled devices with a line-of-sight activation, such as set-top boxes, ceiling fans, and motorized curtains. The second is from a wake-up radio, and is applicable to any wireless products. No single technology will address all standby power situations; however, these emerging solutions appear to have broad applicability to save standby energy in miscellaneous plug loads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Power Electronics)
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