Search Results (4)

A membrane condenser (MC) is a novel membrane separation technology that utilizes the hydrophobic nature of porous membranes to capture water vapor from humid gas. Factors such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, and gas composition entering the membrane condenser play a crucial role in water recovery efficiency. This study utilized hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow fiber membranes to create multiple identical membrane modules. This research investigated the impact of temperature, flow rate, pressure on the intake side, gas flow on the cooling side, membrane area, and other variables on the performance of the membrane condenser process. This study compared water extraction efficiency under different conditions, focusing on feed flow temperature and sweeping flow. Results showed that at a temperature of 60 °C, the water recovery rate was 24.7%, while a sweep gas flow rate of 4 L/min resulted in a recovery rate of 22.7%. The efficiency of the membrane condenser decreased with higher feed flow rates but increased with larger membrane areas. A proportional relationship between inlet flow and membrane area was observed, suggesting an optimal range of 0.51–0.67 cm/s for both parameters. These findings offer valuable insights for the practical implementation of hydrophobic membrane-based membrane condenser technology. Full article

Poly(ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (ECTFE) membrane is a hydrophobic membrane material that can be used to recover water from high-humidity gases in the membrane condenser (MC) process. In this study, ECTFE membranes were prepared by the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method using the green binary diluents triglyceride diacetate (TEGDA) and trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM). Thermodynamic phase diagrams of the ECTFE/TEGDA: TOTM system were made. The effects of the diluent composition and cooling rate on the structure and properties of the ECTFE membranes were investigated by characterizing the SEM, contact angle, mechanical properties, pore size and porosity. The results showed that ECTFE membranes with cellular structure were successfully prepared and exhibit good mechanical properties. Moreover, increasing the TOTM content in the binary diluents and decreasing the cooling rate could effectively improve the mean pore size of the ECTFE membranes, but the increase in TOTM content reduced the mechanical properties. During the MC process, the water recovery performance of ECTFE membranes increased with the increase in the mean pore size of the membranes, and the condensation flow and water recovery of membrane prepared at 20% TOTM were 1.71 kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹ and 54.84%, respectively, which were better than the performance of commercial hydrophobic PVDF membranes in the MC. These results indicated that there is good potential for the application of ECTFE membranes during the MC process. Full article

Acellular particles (extracellular vesicles and membraneless condensates) have important research, drug discovery, and therapeutic implications. However, their isolation and retrieval have faced enormous challenges, impeding their use. Here, a novel size-guided particle purification liquid chromatography (PPLC) is integrated into a turbidimetry-enabled system for dye-free isolation, online characterization, and retrieval of intact acellular particles from biofluids. The chromatographic separation of particles from different biofluids—semen, blood, urine, milk, and cell culture supernatants—is achieved using a first-in-class gradient size exclusion column (gSEC). Purified particles are collected using a fraction collector. Online UV–Vis monitoring reveals biofluid-dependent particle spectral differences, with semen being the most complex. Turbidimetry provides the accurate physical characterization of seminal particle (Sp) lipid contents, sizes, and concentrations, validated by a nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and naphthopyrene assay. Furthermore, different fractions of purified Sps contain distinct DNA, RNA species, and protein compositions. The integration of Sp physical and compositional properties identifies two archetypal membrane-encased seminal extracellular vesicles (SEV)—notably SEV large (SEV_L), SEV small (SEV_S), and a novel non-archetypal-membraneless Sps, herein named membraneless condensates (MCs). This study demonstrates a comprehensive yet affordable platform for isolating, collecting, and analyzing acellular particles to facilitate extracellular particle research and applications in drug delivery and therapeutics. Ongoing efforts focus on increased resolution by tailoring bead/column chemistry for each biofluid type. Full article

In industrial processes, recycling and reusing of process streams—and of water, in particular—is necessary for minimizing fresh water requirements. Water supply issues are increasing in importance for new and existing industrial plants because the freshwater supply is limited and the forecast are that by 2025 two-thirds of people will live in regions with water scarcity. In this short note, the potentialities of a membrane-assisted condenser for the recovery of evaporated waste water from industrial gases are presented. The modelling of the process was carried out for predicting the membrane-based process performance. The experimental data were compared with the results achieved through the simulations. The comparison showed good agreement confirming the validity of the realized model and its suitability for a screening of the operative conditions to be utilized. Full article