Search Results (323)

Employee attrition presents a significant threat to organizational continuity, as frequent turnover depletes valuable intellectual capital and incurs heavy recruitment costs. Although ensemble machine learning models often achieve high accuracy in predicting employee departure, they tend to generalize poorly and yield poorly calibrated probability estimates. In high-stakes human resources (HR) decision-making, miscalibrated models produce overconfident or underconfident risk scores that do not reflect true exit likelihoods, leading to suboptimal intervention strategies and resource misallocation. This paper proposes a unified approach combining a Gradient Boosting classifier with post hoc temperature scaling, to meet the dual needs of prediction strength and reliability. Experiments show that the proposed approach consistently improves probability calibration across all datasets; however, on the local dataset, the underlying predictive signal remains weak, so the resulting risk scores should be interpreted as modestly informative rather than strongly discriminative. Comparative scores with other calibration methods are also presented. The study underscores that well-calibrated risk scores are crucial for converting predictive outputs into actionable insights, allowing quantitative analysis to effectively support human judgment in workforce planning. Full article

Although Smart City transitions are typically assessed using technological and financial indicators, the underlying structural correlates remain insufficiently explored. This study examines how different forms of capital within the Quintuple Helix model—natural, social, intellectual, economic and institutional (governance)—are associated with a country’s position in the Global Smart Cities Index and the Eco-Innovation Index. The methodology is based on data from 26 EU Member States. Correlation analysis was used to identify key factors of city performance, cluster analysis was applied to categorize countries/capitals based on their capital profiles and the impact of Smart Cities and eco-innovation. This study identifies three distinct clusters of EU countries/capitals, ranging from leaders to economies in transition. The results show that intellectual capital and institutional governance are the most significant correlates of Smart City success. In addition, governance emerged as a primary association of eco-innovation. These results provide a roadmap for lagging regions to optimize their Quintuple Helix synergies to achieve higher smart city rankings and environmental sustainability. Full article

How did a school of Daoist internal alchemy flourish in the Ming and Qing dynasties without formal ordination, institutional affiliation, or a lineage of disciples? This paper challenges the conventional paradigms of Daoist transmission by examining the case of Lu Xixing 陸西星 (1520–1606), the founder of the Eastern Lineage (Dongpai 東派). Drawing on newly unearthed sources, including local gazetteers, Lu’s poetry collection Kouyin manlu 鷇音漫錄, a long-hidden manuscript Sanzang zhenquan 三藏真詮, and original fieldwork materials, this paper reveals that Lu’s multifaceted interactions with the local gentry class fostered what I term “gentry alchemy”. This gentry alchemy provided an alternative “covert” pathway for the transmission of the Eastern Lineage, operating outside formal Daoist institutions through patronage networks. The paper examines three mechanisms of gentry support: funding publications, engaging in intellectual exchanges, and providing access to elite political networks. It then analyzes motivations behind gentry patronage, including state religious policy, the perceived orthodoxy of Lu’s spirit-written revelations, and his innovative visualization of alchemical theory. The paper argues that gentry alchemy emerged from the demographic pressures that drove disenfranchised literati to convert scholarly capital into religious authority. This configuration was characterized by four features: Confucian-Daoist synthesis, the Neo-Confucian schematization and demystification of alchemical knowledge, promotion of dual cultivation (xingming shuangxiu 性命雙修), and the substitution of revelatory authority grounded in spirit-writing for the institutional authority of master-disciple lineages. Finally, the paper elaborates on the functions of gentry alchemy, showing how it offered literati both spiritual refuge and political capital, marked elite status, and shaped local society through temple construction and village lectures. The Eastern Lineage thus exemplifies a mode of alchemical transmission embedded not in monastic institutions but in the textual and social fabric of gentry life. This case illuminates both the spiritual world of Ming literati and the structural transformations of Chinese religion in late imperial China. Full article

Psychological capital (PsyCap), encompassing hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism, has established itself as a key psychological resource for individuals. However, research in this field remains fragmented, which limits a comprehensive understanding of its role in the psychological mechanisms underlying entrepreneurial behavior, particularly in terms of motivation, coping with stress, and resilience in the face of uncertainty. This study aims to examine and organize the intellectual landscape of PsyCap. A scoping review of 215 articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science over nearly two decades was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR, using a co-thematic analysis based on text mining techniques. The results reveal a three-phase evolution of the field (emergence, growth, and maturity), built around individual functioning, entrepreneurial cognitions and attitudes, and psychosocial resources. The analysis also highlights unequal access to and use of PsyCap across contexts, as well as differences related to the specific characteristics of the populations studied, shedding light on underexplored groups such as women, refugees, rural and social entrepreneurs, migrants, and entrepreneurs with disabilities. These findings contribute to advancing knowledge in entrepreneurial psychology and offer a detailed analysis of future research avenues, including emerging research questions, methodological approaches, and theoretical interdisciplinary perspectives. Full article

The persistence of greenwashing as a strategic corporate behavior reflects a financial tradeoff between risk and return. Current literature lacks an integrative framework explaining how these risks and institutional arrangements vary across distinct contexts. This study maps the intellectual structure and contextual heterogeneity of corporate greenwashing research through a bibliometric analysis of 818 publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2000 to 2025. The results indicate an evolutionary shift in research focus from early ethical and reputational debates toward empirical investigations of capital market consequences, ESG controversies, and the dark side of corporate sustainability. This transition is accompanied by thematic movement from voluntary disclosure and legitimacy concerns toward mandatory compliance, sustainable finance, green bond pricing, and digital detection using artificial intelligence and natural language processing. The analysis reveals substantial structural heterogeneity. Heavy-asset industries are closely associated with technological decoupling under physical and compliance constraints, whereas financial and service sectors rely heavily on information asymmetry, green label arbitrage, and greenhushing. These sectoral patterns intersect with regional governance trajectories shaped by market-driven, regulation-oriented, and state-led contexts, generating distinct incentive structures and risk conditions, while firm-level governance further moderates these behaviors. The findings position greenwashing as a context-dependent corporate strategy and provide a structured synthesis for future research and differentiated regulatory responses. Full article

Although the importance of intangible assets has been widely recognized, few studies have discussed the increasingly important relationship between environmental legitimacy (EL) and corporate intellectual capital, especially green intellectual capital (GIC) in the context of green transformation. Drawing on the integration of institutional theory and resource-based view, this study aims to investigate the impact of GIC on EL and whether their relationship is moderated by the role of digital transformation (DT). This study was conducted on a sample of 270 manufacturing companies from China, which were tested by hierarchical regression analysis. Results show that all three dimensions of GIC (i.e., green human capital (GHC), green structural capital (GSC), and green relational capital (GRC)) are positively associated with EL. GRC is an important path for GHC and GSC to EL. Moreover, DT positively moderates the effect of each dimension of GIC on EL, and the mediating effect of GRC is found to be moderated by DT. This study identifies the positive impact of intangible assets, represented by GIC, on corporate legitimacy, enhancing our understanding of how intellectual capital improves legitimacy. Companies should pay attention to the accumulation of GIC, especially the maintenance of green relations with stakeholders, and use digital transformation wisely to gain legitimacy and enhance competitiveness. Full article

Environmental economics and policy research has paid limited attention to interfirm spillover effects on firm-level performance. This study addresses this gap by distinguishing between the direct and spillover effects of environmental regulation and firm-specific resources on firm performance. Using panel data for Korean manufacturing firms, we estimate a dynamic spatial Durbin model (SDM) that accounts for both temporal persistence and spatial dependence. The empirical results provide clear evidence. First, environmental regulation and firm-specific factors—including intellectual capital, physical capital, and organizational slack—exert statistically significant positive direct effects on firms’ sustainable growth rate (SGR). Second, interaction effects are crucial: environmental regulation significantly enhances SGR when combined with organizational slack, highlighting the importance of internal resource conditions. Third, spatial spillover effects are identified only under specific configurations. Environmental regulation generates positive spillover effects when interacting jointly with intellectual capital, physical capital, and organizational slack, rather than as an independent driver. Similarly, physical capital produces spillover effects through its interactions with other firm resources. Importantly, these effects vary across firms. Spillover effects are more pronounced in firms with high absorptive capacity, whereas they are weaker or insignificant in firms with low absorptive capacity. Overall, the findings indicate that environmental regulation affects firm performance primarily through resource complementarities and conditional spatial interactions, offering policy implications for more targeted regulatory design Full article

This paper reconstructs the archive of Islamic humanism as a cultural resource for Critical Psychologists, addressing the geopolitical double-bind of the global Muslim population caught between Islamophobia and fundamentalism. This living archive spans intellectual contributions to falsafa (rationalism) and tasawwuf (mysticism), from medieval thinkers like Ibn Rushd and al-Ghazali to modern figures like Mourad Wahba and Ali Shariʿati. While primarily philosophical, these contributions offer practical implications for psychosocial liberation. Utilizing a methodology of deconstructive unsilencing, the archive is positioned as both pluriversal and metaphorical. By analyzing the ideological mechanism of virtual internment, the paper proposes a praxis of learned ignorance and decolonial resistance to subvert the panoptic look of anti-humanism through the Real Gaze of Islamic humanism. This retrieval offers a materialist praxis seeking to overturn the (post)colonial triad of fundamentalism, parasitic capitalism, and postmodernism. In sum, the article argues that a genealogical consignation of Islamic humanism facilitates a transmodernity that integrates Totality with Exteriority, effectively negating both coloniality and antimodernity. Full article

In the context of the digital economy and quality engineering construction, micro-innovation has gained increasing attention in construction projects. This study incorporates knowledge and character management theory into micro-innovation research and explores how intellectual capital and team character shape micro-innovation in construction projects within the digital economy. A questionnaire design was used to collect data from 315 projects, and the structural equation modeling was applied to test the conceptual model. The results reveal three main findings: (1) intellectual capital exerts a direct positive effect on micro-innovation in construction projects, whereas team character does not; (2) both intellectual capital and team character indirectly enhance micro-innovation through policy perception and market sensing; and (3) the mediating effect of market sensing is stronger in the relationship between intellectual capital and micro-innovation, while the mediating effect of policy perception is more prominent in the relationship between team character and micro-innovation. By theorizing the mechanisms of micro-innovation in construction projects, this study provides important implications for improving micro-innovation practices in the digital era. Full article

Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a vital role in Africa’s economic development; however, the rapidly expanding body of literature on this topic remains highly fragmented. This dispersion creates a significant research problem, obscuring structural evolution, persistent thematic gaps, and collaborative networks within the field. To address this, a bibliometric analysis is necessary, as it provides an objective, macro-level methodology capable of synthesising vast amounts of publication data and uncovering hidden intellectual structures that traditional systematic reviews cannot easily capture. Consequently, this study maps the development of FDI research in Africa by analysing and visualising scientific publications to reveal the structure, evolution, and interdisciplinary nature of the field, identifying leading scholars, collaboration networks, and core thematic areas. Using data from the Scopus database, the study examines 2003 documents through Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. The findings are presented in three sections. The descriptive analysis shows a steady rise in FDI publications from 1986 to 2024, with strong growth in the past two decades. The most productive institutions are in South Africa and Nigeria, while major contributing countries include South Africa, the United States, China, and the United Kingdom. Keyword and collaboration analyses highlight themes such as Sub-Saharan Africa, economic growth, capital flow, renewable energy, and natural resources. Ultimately, this mapping goes beyond descriptive trends to provide critical analytical insights, revealing a significant thematic shift from traditional economic paradigms toward sustainable development and environmental economics. Practically, these findings offer strategic guidance for policymakers and investors by identifying key institutional hubs and regional knowledge gaps. Scientifically, the study establishes a foundation for future research by directing attention toward underexplored, emerging issues such as climate resilience, digital transformation, and subnational FDI dynamics. Full article

In the era of technological revolution, high-tech industries have gained prominence in national innovation systems. However, China’s high-tech sector faces challenges such as late development, weak foundations, and regional disparities. To address these issues, this study proposes a shared-input two-stage network DEA model. This model, based on an input-output perspective, considers resources that circulate and collaboratively function across multiple stages in the form of shared inputs. This paper analyzes data from 25 provinces (including municipalities) in China from 2011 to 2020 and divides the patent conversion process into two sub-stages: the upstream technology research and development stage and the downstream achievement transformation stage, measuring the stage efficiency values and overall efficiency values, respectively. To align with reality, this paper incorporates the intensity of the strength of intellectual property protection, strength of government financial support, and the expenditure on technology import as regional shared input variables. Meanwhile, expenditure on technological transformation is treated as a capital-type intermediate input variable. This approach unveils the “black box” of single-stage DEA, enabling more accurate efficiency measurement. Key findings reveal: (1) China’s high-tech research and development of patent technology, the achievement transformation and overall conversion efficiency show annual improvement, yet overall efficiency remains low with regional imbalances; (2) Achievement transformation efficiency exerts a greater impact on overall conversion efficiency than research and development of patent technology efficiency. Comparative analyses with single-stage and chained two-stage DEA models confirm the necessity of phased evaluation and shared-input variables, supported by input-output elasticity tests. The findings validate the applicability and interpretability of the proposed model in efficiency evaluation. Full article

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis and literature review of methodologies for optimal capital structure decision making, focusing on research published between 2000 and 2024. This study reviews current research, identifies gaps, and outlines a plan to support with financial decisions. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining data from the Web of Science and Scopus databases using the search string “capital structure” AND (“decision making” OR “optimal structure”). The study used Bibliometrix(R), VOSviewer, and NVivo tools, and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart for choosing studies. The findings show that this field is well-developed but still changing. The intellectual structure is organized around two main clusters: one focused on testing classical theories and another oriented toward optimization and managerial applications, revealing a clear theory–practice divide. The mapping also highlights the dominance of Chinese and U.S. scholarship and the central role of practitioner-oriented journals such as Managerial Finance, indicating both a shift toward emerging markets and a strong demand for applicable research. The study provides three key contributions. First, it identifies important countries, authors, outlets, and themes. Second, it uses a method that combines bibliometric and text-mining tools. Third, it introduces a new decision-support framework that is thorough, context-sensitive, and flexible. There are some limitations. These include relying on Scopus and Web of Science, language limits, and the fact that bibliometrics cannot judge the quality of methods. Future research should empirically validate the proposed framework in different contexts, expand studies in emerging markets, test emerging theories such as Brusov–Filatova–Orekhova (BFO) theory, and develop more dynamic and stochastic models to better capture financial uncertainty. Full article

The Earnings Response Coefficient (ERC) has emerged as a pivotal topic in academic literature and financial practice, elucidating the critical relationship between corporate earnings information and market response, which directly impacts corporate performance evaluation and investment decision-making. This study aims to identify the most frequently researched topics in the Earnings Response Coefficient domain, explore the basic concepts and theoretical frameworks underlying ERC research, and propose potential future research directions in the field, all within finance and investment management. This research employs bibliometric analysis to use data from Google Scholar and Scopus, accessed through Publish or Perish (PoP), to evaluate the literature’s performance, explore related topics, and identify research trends, thereby deepening the understanding of ERC studies. The findings reveal that income smoothing and intellectual capital disclosure have a significant impact but low connectedness, indicating a need for deeper exploration to heighten their relevance in ERC studies. Research on corporate social responsibility exhibits a high degree of interconnectedness and substantial impact. Underexplored topics such as economic uncertainty and analysts’ influence require greater attention to understand their contributions fully. This study identifies publication trends and citation networks related to ERC, provides insights into researcher collaborations, and offers guidance for academics, practitioners, and policymakers to enrich their understanding, develop more effective earnings management strategies, and design regulations that bolster market transparency and efficiency in the realm of finance and investment management. This research is particularly beneficial for practitioners, as it helps evaluate more effective earnings management strategies and understand the market’s response to earnings information, ultimately enhancing firm value. For policymakers, this study provides a framework for designing regulations and policies that support financial information transparency and market efficiency to enhance economic stability and investor confidence. Full article

Supporting employment for people with intellectual disabilities is essential for their social inclusion and psychological well-being. Previous studies have explored how social enterprises facilitate employment for this group. However, relatively little attention has been given to family-driven social enterprises, particularly the behavioral motivations and mechanisms through which parents create inclusive work opportunities for their adult children. This exploratory single-case study investigates why and how parents engage in social entrepreneurship to support individuals with intellectual disabilities. Findings show that parents dynamically mobilize human and material capital, driven by both egoistic and altruistic motives. Meanwhile, the enterprise gradually evolved from an informal initiative into a more structured organization. Employment inclusion emerged as the primary outcome, enabled by knowledge acquisition and capacity building, with social empowerment as a broader benefit. The study contributes by identifying dual parental motivations, extending resource bricolage to family-driven social entrepreneurship, and reconceptualizing bricolage as a strategic management of human and material capital. Full article

In a rapidly changing professional landscape marked by digitization, socio-economic transformations, and post-pandemic upheavals, understanding career trajectories has become an interdisciplinary concern. This study presents a systematic bibliometric review of 135 peer-reviewed articles published between 1990 and 2025 and extracted from the Scopus database. Using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, the analysis maps the intellectual structure, thematic evolution, and methodological trends in career path research. The results reveal a high concentration of studies in Anglo-Saxon contexts, with a predominance of the education, health, and hospitality sectors. Key populations include students, women, and recent graduates, while seniors, informal workers, and non-Western contexts remain underrepresented. This field is conceptually diverse, structured around protean and borderless career models, and increasingly interested in themes such as sustainability, digital transformation, and gender inequality. Cross-sectional quantitative approaches dominate methodologies, while longitudinal and mixed designs are rare. Thematic mapping reveals four key clusters: sociodemographic factors, professional development, labor market dynamics and identity formation. Citation analysis reveals key contributions to career theory, social capital and organizational support. This review reveals gaps in geographic coverage, theoretical integration and methodological pluralism. It calls for a more inclusive, contextualized and interdisciplinary approach to better understand the complexity of contemporary careers. Full article