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Keywords = hymenogastraceae

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14 pages, 3908 KiB  
Article
Two New Species of Hymenogaster (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales) from China Based on Morphological and Molecular Markers
by Ting Li, Ning Mao, Haoyu Fu, Yuxin Zhang and Li Fan
Diversity 2024, 16(5), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/d16050303 - 17 May 2024
Viewed by 1257
Abstract
Two new species from China, Hymenogaster pseudoniveus and H. zunhuaensis, are described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. Hymenogaster pseudoniveus is distinguished from other species of the genus based on the color of peridium, which is snow white to white when [...] Read more.
Two new species from China, Hymenogaster pseudoniveus and H. zunhuaensis, are described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. Hymenogaster pseudoniveus is distinguished from other species of the genus based on the color of peridium, which is snow white to white when unexcavated but then turns yellowish to earth yellow, and the basidiospores, which are ornamented with nearly longitudinally arranged ridges up to 2 μm high. H. zunhuaensis is diagnosed by its dirty white to pale yellow peridium, yellow brown to brown gleba, and the smaller (Lm × Wm = 11.7 μm × 9.8 μm) broadly ellipsoidal to subglobose basidiospores (Q = 1.1–1.3). ITS/LSU-based phylogenetic analysis supports the erection of the two new species, each placed in distinct clades with strong statistical support, suggesting that they represent two distinct species novel to science. Based on the morphological and molecular evidence, we have published two new species of Hymenogaster. A key for Hymenogaster species from China is provided. Full article
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17 pages, 19085 KiB  
Article
Five New Species of the Genus Hymenogaster (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales) from Northern China
by Ting Li, Ning Mao, Haoyu Fu, Yuxin Zhang and Li Fan
J. Fungi 2024, 10(4), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10040272 - 8 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1857
Abstract
In this study, five new species from China, Hymenogaster latisporus, H. minisporus, H. papilliformis, H. perisporius, and H. variabilis, are described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. Hymenogaster latisporus was distinguished from other species of the genus by the [...] Read more.
In this study, five new species from China, Hymenogaster latisporus, H. minisporus, H. papilliformis, H. perisporius, and H. variabilis, are described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. Hymenogaster latisporus was distinguished from other species of the genus by the subglobose, broad ellipsoidal, ovoid basidiospores (average = 13.7 μm × 11.6 μm) with sparse verrucose and ridge-like ornamentation (1–1.2 μm high); H. minisporus by the ellipsoidal to broadly ellipsoidal and small basidiospores (average = 11.7 μm × 9.5 μm); H. papilliformis was characterized by the whitish to cream-colored basidiomes, and broadly fusiform to citriform basidiospores with a pronounced apex (2–3 μm, occasionally up to 4 μm high), papillary, distinct warts and ridges, and pronounced appendix (2–3 μm long); H. perisporius by the dirty white to pale yellow basidiomes, broad ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal, and yellow-brown to dark-brown basidiospores with warts and gelatinous perisporium; H. variabilis by the peridium with significant changes in thickness (167–351 μm), and broad ellipsoidal to subglobose basidiospores ornamented with sparse warts and ridges. An ITS/LSU-based phylogenetic analysis supported the erection of the five new species. A key for Hymenogaster species from northern China is provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Fungal Evolution, Biodiversity and Systematics)
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22 pages, 39848 KiB  
Article
Five New Species of Gymnopilus from Xizang Autonomous Region of China and Surrounding Areas
by Wen-Qiang Yang, Jia-Xin Li, Mao-Qiang He, Shi-Hui Wang, Xin-Yu Zhu, Dorji Phurbu, Jian-Min Yun and Rui-Lin Zhao
J. Fungi 2024, 10(3), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10030220 - 18 Mar 2024
Viewed by 2584
Abstract
The species of Gymnopilus (Hymenogastraceae, Agricales) are commonly recognized as wood-decaying fungi. Certain members of this genus have been identified as psilocybin-producing mushrooms. Gymnopilus exhibits a diverse range and has a global distribution. In this study, a total of seventy-eight specimens were gathered [...] Read more.
The species of Gymnopilus (Hymenogastraceae, Agricales) are commonly recognized as wood-decaying fungi. Certain members of this genus have been identified as psilocybin-producing mushrooms. Gymnopilus exhibits a diverse range and has a global distribution. In this study, a total of seventy-eight specimens were gathered from ten provinces in China. A comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted, employing gene sequences including ITS, nrLSU, nrSSU, rpb1, rpb2, and tef1-α. Additionally, morphological examinations were also carried out. The phylogenetic topology of Gymnopilus from this study generally agreed with previous studies and facilitated the identification of all those specimens. As a result, eleven species, including five newly discovered ones named Gy. gyirongensis, Gy. variisporus, Gy. tomentosiceps, Gy. tenuibasidialis, and Gy. aurantipileatus, were recognized. Significantly, four of the five newly identified species are native to the Xizang Autonomous Region, emphasizing their specialization in this distinctive habitat. This research contributes to our comprehension of Gymnopilus diversity and lays the groundwork for the conservation and sustainable utilization of Gymnopilus resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Edible and Medicinal Macrofungi, 3rd Edition)
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13 pages, 1805 KiB  
Article
Immunomodulatory Effect of Polysaccharides from the Mushroom-Forming Basidiomycete Gymnopilus imperialis (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota)
by Lhaís A. Caldas, Patricia D. Santos, Elaine R. Carbonero, Marisa Ionta, Marta Miyazawa, Ester S. Caixeta, Antonio M. Fregnan, Bianca Barros Nóbrega, Maria Carolina B. Di Medeiros, Nelson Menolli, Douglas M. M. Soares, Cassius V. Stevani and Patricia Sartorelli
Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(10), 1179; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15101179 - 23 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3523
Abstract
Gymnopilus consists of a widely distributed genus of basidiomycetes, especially in tropical regions of the world, such as Japan, Australia, Paraguay, and Brazil. This genus biosynthesizes interesting bioactive compounds, such as sesquiterpenoids, oligoisoprenoids, styrylpyrones, and lectins. In the present study, the aqueous extract [...] Read more.
Gymnopilus consists of a widely distributed genus of basidiomycetes, especially in tropical regions of the world, such as Japan, Australia, Paraguay, and Brazil. This genus biosynthesizes interesting bioactive compounds, such as sesquiterpenoids, oligoisoprenoids, styrylpyrones, and lectins. In the present study, the aqueous extract of the basidiomata of Gymnopilus imperialis (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, Hymenogastraceae) was obtained by using the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technique, followed by the precipitation of polysaccharide fraction with ethanol. Further purification by freeze-thawing processes, Fehling solution precipitation, and membrane dialysis with different pore sizes yield three main polysaccharide fractions (Gi-MRSW, Gi-PFME, and Gi-SFME). According to monosaccharide composition and 13C-NMR data, the Gi-MRSW and Gi-SFME fractions showed to be composed mainly of β-glucans and Gi-PFME by a heterogalactan. Moreover, the immunomodulatory potential of Gi-MRSW was evaluated using RAW 264.7 murine macrophage as a study model. The nitric oxide production was significantly increased in treated samples, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) showed that the fraction Gi-MRSW from G. imperialis induces the M1 polarization phenotype. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Drug Discovery Based on β-Glucans)
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