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Keywords = glutamateric system

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15 pages, 1600 KB  
Review
Regulatory Mechanisms of Somatostatin Expression
by Emmanuel Ampofo, Lisa Nalbach, Michael D. Menger and Matthias W. Laschke
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(11), 4170; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114170 - 11 Jun 2020
Cited by 65 | Viewed by 15181
Abstract
Somatostatin is a peptide hormone, which most commonly is produced by endocrine cells and the central nervous system. In mammals, somatostatin originates from pre-prosomatostatin and is processed to a shorter form, i.e., somatostatin-14, and a longer form, i.e., somatostatin-28. The two peptides repress [...] Read more.
Somatostatin is a peptide hormone, which most commonly is produced by endocrine cells and the central nervous system. In mammals, somatostatin originates from pre-prosomatostatin and is processed to a shorter form, i.e., somatostatin-14, and a longer form, i.e., somatostatin-28. The two peptides repress growth hormone secretion and are involved in the regulation of glucagon and insulin synthesis in the pancreas. In recent years, the processing and secretion of somatostatin have been studied intensively. However, little attention has been paid to the regulatory mechanisms that control its expression. This review provides an up-to-date overview of these mechanisms. In particular, it focuses on the role of enhancers and silencers within the promoter region as well as on the binding of modulatory transcription factors to these elements. Moreover, it addresses extracellular factors, which trigger key signaling pathways, leading to an enhanced somatostatin expression in health and disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Central and Peripheral Molecular Mechanisms of Metabolism Regulation)
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