In this work, the effects of equal (50%/50%) or differentiated (75%/25%) gas flow ratio, gas flow rate, and slag thickness on mixing time and open eye area were studied in a physical model of a gas stirred ladle with dual plugs separated by an angle...
Ladle metallurgy is an important steelmaking technology in high-quality steel production. The blowing of argon at the ladle bottom has been applied in ladle metallurgy for several decades. Until now, the issue of breakage and coalescence among bubble...
To investigate the gas agitation characteristics of side blowing, the fluid flow and mixing phenomenon in a 1:3 scale model ladle of a 150 t industrial gas-stirred ladle with bottom and side plugs were studied by using physical and numerical modeling...
The paper presents new results concerning the influence of the gas density and porous plug diameter on the nature of liquid steel stirring with an inert gas in the ladle. The tests were carried out on a cold model of a 30t ladle using particle image...
In previous research simulating steelmaking ladles using cold water models, the dosage/volume of the salt tracer solution is one of the factors that has been overlooked by researchers to a certain extent. Previous studies have demonstrated that salt...
The measurement of mixing time in a water model of soft-stirring steelmaking ladles is practically facing a problem of bad repeatability. This uncertainty severely affects both the understandings of transport phenomenon in ladles and the measurement...
Mixing time, as a key parameter for evaluating ladle refining efficiency, has long attracted extensive attention from researchers. In typical experimental studies, salt solution tracers are introduced into ladle water models to assess the degree of m...
Argon bottom stirring is commonly practiced in secondary steelmaking processes due to its positive effects on achieving uniform temperatures and chemical compositions throughout a steel melt. It can also be used to facilitate slag metal refining reac...
This work aims at figuring out the influence of gas bubble size distribution on the ladle stirring process. The work is conducted through three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation based on the finite volume method. Mesh sensitivity test and the cro...
Steelmaking involves high-temperature processing. At high temperatures mass transport is usually the rate limiting step. In steelmaking there are several mass transport phenomena occurring simultaneously such as melting and dissolution of additions,...
In a steel-refining ladle, the properties of manufactured steel can be notably degraded due to the presence of excessive inclusions. Stirring via gas injection through a porous plug is often used as part of the steel-refining process to reduce these...
A novel method of combined argon gas stirring and bottom-rotating electromagnetic stirring in a ladle refining process is presented in this report. A three-dimensional numerical model was adopted to investigate its effect on improving flow field, eli...
The industrial objective of lowering the mass of mechanical structures requires continuous improvement in controlling the mechanical properties of metallic materials. Steel cleanliness and especially control of inclusion size distribution have, there...
Secondary refining is a critical stage that determines steel properties. Its effectiveness is directly governed by the flow and mixing behavior of molten steel. At present, water model experiments are widely employed to investigate flow and mixing be...
Industrial fusion of microalloying elements in steelmaking is imperative in defining and optimizing certain steel properties due to their strengthening and significant grain refinements effects at minute quantities. Copper, vanadium, and columbium ar...
Ladle metallurgy serves as a crucial component of the steelmaking industry, where it plays a pivotal role in manipulating the molten steel to exercise precise control over its composition and properties. Turbulence in ladle metallurgy influences vari...
Molten steel is alloyed during tapping from the melting furnace to the argon-bottom stirred ladle. The metallic additions thrown to the ladle during the ladle filling time are at room temperature. The melting rates or kinetics of sinking-metals, like...
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was adopted to investigate the relationship between the mixing phenomenon and the flow field of a 210 t RH degasser by a 1:4 scale water model. The results of mixing simulation experiments indicated that the mi...
In the quest to design reactors with a higher productivity, their mixing efficiency should be highly improved. The mass transfer coefficient is a parameter that measures the rate of the refining rates and has been extensively investigated in the past...
In secondary metallurgy, argon gas stirring and alloying of elements are very important in determining the quality of steel. Argon gas is injected through the nozzle located at the bottom of the ladle into the molten steel bath; this gas breaks up in...
Three-phase interactions (metal-slag-argon) in ladle stirring operations have strong effects on the metal-slag mass transfer processes. Specifically, the thickness of the slag controls the fluid turbulence to an extent that once trespassing a critica...
The bubbly flow and mixing conditions for gas stirring in a 50t ladle were investigated by using physical modelling and mathematical modelling. In the physical modelling, the effect of the porous plugs’ configurations on the tracer homogenizati...
In this study, through RH water model simulation experiments, the effects of precipitation bubbles on the two-phase flow pattern, liquid steel flow behavior, and flow characteristics in an RH reactor during the whole decarburization process were comp...
A transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling approach was used to study the complex multi-phase flow in an argon-stirred industrial scale ladle with a nominal capacity of 150 tons. During the stirring process, when gas was injected throug...
In this work, the fluid dynamic and thermal behavior of steel was analyzed during argon gas stirring in a 140-t refining ladle. The Eulerian multiphase mathematical model was used in conjunction with the discrete ordinates (DO) thermal radiation mode...