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Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Investigation of Thermal Sensing in Fluoroindate Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ Co-Doped Optical Fiber

by Bartłomiej Starzyk, Gloria Lesly Jimenez, Marcin Kochanowicz, Marta Kuwik, Jacek Żmojda, Piotr Miluski, Agata Baranowska, Jan Dorosz, Wojciech Pisarski, Joanna Pisarska and Dominik Dorosz

Materials 2023, 16(6), 2139; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062139 - 7 Mar 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2290

Abstract

An investigation of fluoroindate glass and fiber co-doped with Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ ions as a potential temperature sensor was assessed using the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique. Analysis of thermally coupled levels (TCLs—²H_11/2 and ⁴S_3/2), non-thermally coupled levels (non-TCLs—⁴F_7/2 and ⁴F_9/2), and their combination were examined. Additionally, the luminescent stability of the samples under constant NIR excitation using different density power at three different temperatures was carried out. The obtained values of absolute sensitivity (0.003 K⁻¹—glass, 0.0019 K⁻¹—glass fiber ²H_11/2 → ⁴S_3/2 transition) and relative sensitivity (2.05% K⁻¹—glass, 1.64% K⁻¹—glass fiber ⁴F_7/2 → ⁴F_9/2 transition), as well as high repeatability of the signal, indicate that this material could be used in temperature sensing applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances of Luminescent Materials and Devices in Optics and Photonics)

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26 pages, 16809 KB

Open AccessReview

Recent Development of Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum Generation in Fluoroindate Glass Fibers

by Jacek Swiderski

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 4927; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12104927 - 12 May 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5228

Abstract

Supercontinuum (SC) generation that leads to the emission of broadband radiation has been extensively studied. In particular, SC sources encompassing the wavelength range of 2–5 μm have attracted considerable interest in the last decade, and a continuous increase in the output power and spectrum width has been observed. To enable broadband and high-power SC generation, suitable nonlinear media combined with appropriate pump sources must be used, maintaining the output as spectrally flat. This paper briefly reviews the current state-of-the-art SC sources restricted to those based on fluoroindate fibers, including systems pumped with femtosecond, picosecond, and nanosecond pulses. First, the concept of SC generation in optical fibers is briefly presented. This is followed by an examination of indium fluoride optical fibers, with an emphasis on their material and waveguide properties. Furthermore, the advances in SC generation in fluoroindate fibers, including the latest results on high-power (Watt-level) continuum generation adopting different pump schemes, are also explored. A record time-averaged output power of 11.8 W with a spectrum spanning from ~1.9 to 4.9 µm has been demonstrated, which is certainly not the power limit of this technology. Finally, potential future directions of research are discussed at the end of this paper. Full article

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10 pages, 3262 KB

Open AccessCommunication

Fluoroindate Glass Co-Doped with Yb³⁺/Ho³⁺ as a 2.85 μm Luminescent Source for MID-IR Sensing

by Marcin Kochanowicz, Jacek Zmojda, Agata Baranowska, Marta Kuwik, Bartłomiej Starzyk, Magdalena Lesniak, Piotr Miluski, Wojciech A. Pisarski, Joanna Pisarska, Jan Dorosz, Maurizio Ferrari and Dominik Dorosz

Sensors 2021, 21(6), 2155; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062155 - 19 Mar 2021

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3452

Abstract

This work reports on the fabrication and analysis of near-infrared and mid-infrared luminescence spectra and their decays in fluoroindate glasses co-doped with Yb³⁺/Ho³⁺. The attention has been paid to the analysis of the Yb³⁺→ Ho³⁺ energy transfer processed ions in fluoroindate glasses pumped by 976 nm laser diode. The most effective sensitization for 2 μm luminescence has been obtained in glass co-doped with 0.8YbF₃/1.6HoF₃. Further study in the mid-infrared spectral range (2.85 μm) showed that the maximum emission intensity has been obtained in fluoroindate glass co-doped with 0.1YbF₃/1.4HoF₃. The obtained efficiency of Yb³⁺→ Ho³⁺ energy transfer was calculated to be up to 61% (0.8YbF₃/1.6HoF₃), which confirms the possibility of obtaining an efficient glass or glass fiber infrared source for a MID-infrared (MID-IR) sensing application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 19th Conference on Optical Fibers and Their Applications (OFTA 2020))

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