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Search Results (4)

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Keywords = femtosecond laser-induced two-photon polymerization

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9 pages, 8946 KB  
Communication
Enhancing Two-Photon Polymerization Productivity: Beam Shaping and Parallelization via Spatial Light Modulators
by Jaime Cuartero, Nerea Otero and Francisco Gontad
J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2026, 10(6), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp10060182 - 22 May 2026
Viewed by 735
Abstract
Two-Photon Polymerization (2PP) has been established in recent decades as one of the most promising additive manufacturing processes for the fabrication of freeform 3D micro- and nanostructures. In 2PP, the photochemical reaction, induced by the absorption of the energy of two photons, is [...] Read more.
Two-Photon Polymerization (2PP) has been established in recent decades as one of the most promising additive manufacturing processes for the fabrication of freeform 3D micro- and nanostructures. In 2PP, the photochemical reaction, induced by the absorption of the energy of two photons, is confined to a small and well-defined region of the space known as voxel, enabling the manufacture of 3D features with high accuracy and resolutions in the submicrometric range. Unfortunately, 2PP shows some drawbacks, among which its low productivity appears as one of its main limitations nowadays. In this regard, different approaches have recently been explored aiming at increasing 2PP throughput, like the use of Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs), which allows dynamically adjusting the shape of the laser beam into different geometries, patterns or even complex images. In this work an experimental 2PP setup comprising a femtosecond visible laser in combination with high accuracy linear stages and different optical solutions including an SLM has been used to explore the improvement achieved in productivity and additional advantages for the manufacturing of different 2.5 and 3D microstructures. A commercial photoresist has been used as base for these experiments, adjusting its photoinitiator content to obtain the optimal sensitivity to the wavelength provided by the laser. Full article
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12 pages, 3201 KB  
Article
High Sensitivity SERS Substrate with Femtosecond Laser-Printed Nanohole Arrays
by Yunfang Zhang, Dejun Liu, Han Liu, Yubin Deng, Zhiyong Bai, Changrui Liao, Yiping Wang and Ying Wang
Sensors 2025, 25(12), 3680; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123680 - 12 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1813
Abstract
This article presents a novel method for fabricating repeatable and uniform surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. The proposed method consists of two steps: (1) the fabrication of nanohole arrays using advanced femtosecond laser-induced two-photon polymerization (TPP) technology; and (2) the deposition of 9 [...] Read more.
This article presents a novel method for fabricating repeatable and uniform surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. The proposed method consists of two steps: (1) the fabrication of nanohole arrays using advanced femtosecond laser-induced two-photon polymerization (TPP) technology; and (2) the deposition of 9 nm thick silver nanoparticles on the nanohole arrays. The proposed nanohole arrays were optimized at the diameter, and the thickness of the silver film at two parameters. Regarding SERS substrates, a limit of detection of 10−10 M (rhodamine 6G) and analytical enhancement factors up to 3.5 × 104 were achieved. At 1361 cm−1, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the characteristic peak was 5.5%, demonstrating a highly reproducible SERS substrate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrafast Optoelectronic Sensing and Imaging)
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9 pages, 17092 KB  
Communication
A Wearable Breath Sensor Based on Fiber-Tip Microcantilever
by Cong Zhao, Dan Liu, Zhihao Cai, Bin Du, Mengqiang Zou, Shuo Tang, Bozhe Li, Cong Xiong, Peng Ji, Lichao Zhang, Yuan Gong, Gaixia Xu, Changrui Liao and Yiping Wang
Biosensors 2022, 12(3), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12030168 - 7 Mar 2022
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 6542
Abstract
Respiration rate is an essential vital sign that requires monitoring under various conditions, including in strong electromagnetic environments such as in magnetic resonance imaging systems. To provide an electromagnetically-immune breath-sensing system, we propose an all-fiber-optic wearable breath sensor based on a fiber-tip microcantilever. [...] Read more.
Respiration rate is an essential vital sign that requires monitoring under various conditions, including in strong electromagnetic environments such as in magnetic resonance imaging systems. To provide an electromagnetically-immune breath-sensing system, we propose an all-fiber-optic wearable breath sensor based on a fiber-tip microcantilever. The microcantilever was fabricated on a fiber-tip by two-photon polymerization microfabrication based on femtosecond laser, so that a micro Fabry–Pérot (FP) interferometer was formed between the microcantilever and the end-face of the fiber. The cavity length of the micro FP interferometer was reduced as a result of the bending of the microcantilever induced by breath airflow. The signal of breath rate was rebuilt by detecting power variations of the FP interferometer reflected light and applying dynamic thresholds. The breath sensor achieved a high sensitivity of 0.8 nm/(m/s) by detecting the reflection spectrum upon applied flow velocities from 0.53 to 5.31 m/s. This sensor was also shown to have excellent thermal stability as its cross-sensitivity of airflow with respect to the temperature response was only 0.095 (m/s)/°C. When mounted inside a wearable surgical mask, the sensor demonstrated the capability to detect various breath patterns, including normal, fast, random, and deep breaths. We anticipate the proposed wearable breath sensor could be a useful and reliable tool for respiration rate monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Wearable Biosensors for Healthcare Applications)
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15 pages, 4002 KB  
Article
Comparison of in Situ and ex Situ Methods for Synthesis of Two-Photon Polymerization Polymer Nanocomposites
by Qingchuan Guo, Reza Ghadiri, Thomas Weigel, Andreas Aumann, Evgeny L. Gurevich, Cemal Esen, Olaf Medenbach, Wei Cheng, Boris Chichkov and Andreas Ostendorf
Polymers 2014, 6(7), 2037-2050; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym6072037 - 14 Jul 2014
Cited by 175 | Viewed by 19394 | Correction
Abstract
This article reports about nanocomposites, which refractive index is tuned by adding TiO2 nanoparticles. We compare in situ/ex situ preparation of nanocomposites. Preparation procedure is described, properties of nanocomposites are compared, and especially we examine the applicability of two-photon polymerization [...] Read more.
This article reports about nanocomposites, which refractive index is tuned by adding TiO2 nanoparticles. We compare in situ/ex situ preparation of nanocomposites. Preparation procedure is described, properties of nanocomposites are compared, and especially we examine the applicability of two-photon polymerization (2PP) of synthesized nanocomposites. All prepared samples exhibit suitable optical transparency at specific laser wavelengths. Three-dimensional structures were generated by means of two-photon polymerization effect induced by a femtosecond laser. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patterning and Photosensitive Polymers)
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