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Search Results (5)

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Keywords = electric vehicle battery pack vibration testing

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18 pages, 6199 KiB  
Article
In Operando Health Monitoring for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Propulsion Using Deep Learning
by Jaya Vikeswara Rao Vajja, Alexey Serov, Meghana Sudarshan, Mahavir Singh and Vikas Tomar
Batteries 2024, 10(10), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10100355 - 11 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1922
Abstract
Battery management systems (BMSs) play a vital role in understanding battery performance under extreme conditions such as high C-rate testing, where rapid charge or discharge is applied to batteries. This study presents a novel BMS tailored for continuous monitoring, transmission, and storage of [...] Read more.
Battery management systems (BMSs) play a vital role in understanding battery performance under extreme conditions such as high C-rate testing, where rapid charge or discharge is applied to batteries. This study presents a novel BMS tailored for continuous monitoring, transmission, and storage of essential parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature in an NCA 18650 4S lithium-ion battery (LIB) pack during high C-rate testing. By incorporating deep learning, our BMS monitors external battery parameters and predicts LIB’s health in terms of discharge capacity. Two experiments were conducted: a static experiment to validate the functionality of BMS, and an in operando experiment on an electrically propelled vehicle to assess real-world performance under high C-rate abuse testing with vibration. It was found that the external surface temperatures peaked at 55 °C during in operando flight, which was higher than that during static testing. During testing, the deep learning capacity estimation algorithm detected a mean capacity deviation of 0.04 Ah, showing an accurate state of health (SOH) by predicting the capacity of the battery. Our BMS demonstrated effective data collection and predictive capabilities, mirroring real-world conditions during abuse testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence and Batteries: AI-Powered Innovations in Battery Technology)
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24 pages, 15088 KiB  
Article
Analysis and Experimental Tests of Potential New Mounting Techniques for Use in Vibration Testing of Electric Vehicle Battery Packs on Electromagnetic Exciters: Advantages and Disadvantages
by Grzegorz Ślaski, Mikołaj Spadło, Jacek Marcinkiewicz and Wojciech Konieczny
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2920; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072920 - 29 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2319
Abstract
The use of electric drives and energy storage devices in vehicles presents fresh challenges for system designers. Among these is addressing the susceptibility of battery packs to mechanical vibrations, necessitating vibration testing. In failure scenarios, like a battery fire, swiftly detaching the battery [...] Read more.
The use of electric drives and energy storage devices in vehicles presents fresh challenges for system designers. Among these is addressing the susceptibility of battery packs to mechanical vibrations, necessitating vibration testing. In failure scenarios, like a battery fire, swiftly detaching the battery pack from the vibration platform is vital. It is also essential to ensure that the mounting system—fixture and fastener—effectively transfers vibration between the exciter and the battery pack. The article discusses the basic requirements for the fixture of specimens subjected to vibration testing and fastening it to a slip table of head expander, giving a better understanding of its role. It then presents the results of a theoretical analysis of the fixing forces and their laboratory testing using prototype customized fastening solutions with potential for use in vibration testing. The results of the conducted research and analyses demonstrate that non-standard mounting techniques have limited potential to replace screw mountings in vibration testing, particularly as fully universal techniques. However, the generated mounting forces, with potential resulting from the possibility of tailored implementation of the tested mounting techniques in the design of tables or head expanders, appropriately designed, justify further research work in this area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Mechanical Engineering)
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18 pages, 5067 KiB  
Article
Influences on Vibration Load Testing Levels for BEV Automotive Battery Packs
by Till Heinzen, Benedikt Plaumann and Marcus Kaatz
Vehicles 2023, 5(2), 446-463; https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles5020025 - 20 Apr 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4581
Abstract
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) have an increasingly large share of the vehicle market. To ensure a safe and long operation of the mostly large underfloor-mounted traction batteries, they must be developed and tested in advance under realistic conditions. Current standards often do not [...] Read more.
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) have an increasingly large share of the vehicle market. To ensure a safe and long operation of the mostly large underfloor-mounted traction batteries, they must be developed and tested in advance under realistic conditions. Current standards often do not provide sufficiently realistic requirements for environmental and lifetime testing, as these are mostly based on data measured on cars with an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). Prior to this work, vibration measurements were performed on two battery-powered electric vehicles and a battery-powered commercial mini truck over various road surfaces and other influences. The measurement data are statistically evaluated so that a statement can be made about the influence of various parameters on the vibrations measured at the battery pack housing and the scatter of the influencing parameters. By creating a load profile based on the existing measurement data, current standards can be questioned and new insights gained in the development of a vibration profile for the realistic testing of battery packs for BEVs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Vehicle Dynamics and Control)
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11 pages, 4344 KiB  
Article
Modal Analysis of a Lithium-Ion Battery for Electric Vehicles
by Nicholas Gordon Garafolo, Siamak Farhad, Manindra Varma Koricherla, Shihao Wen and Roja Esmaeeli
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4841; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134841 - 1 Jul 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4711
Abstract
The battery pack in electric vehicles is subjected to road-induced vibration and this vibration is one of the potential causes of battery pack failure, especially once the road-induced frequency is close to the natural frequency of the battery when resonance occurs in the [...] Read more.
The battery pack in electric vehicles is subjected to road-induced vibration and this vibration is one of the potential causes of battery pack failure, especially once the road-induced frequency is close to the natural frequency of the battery when resonance occurs in the cells. If resonance occurs, it may cause notable structural damage and deformation of cells in the battery pack. In this study, the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a commercial pouch lithium-ion battery (LIB) are investigated experimentally using a laser scanning vibrometer, and the effects of the battery supporting methods in the battery pack are presented. For this purpose, a test setup to hold the LIB on the shaker is designed. A numerical analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics software is performed to confirm that the natural frequency of the designed test setup is much higher than that of the battery cell. The experimental results show that the first natural frequency in the two-side supported and three-side supported battery is about 310 Hz and 470 Hz, respectively. Although these frequencies are more than the road-induced vibration frequencies, it is recommended that the pouch LIBs are supported from three sides in battery packs. The voltage of the LIB is also monitored during all experiments. It is observed that the battery voltage is not affected by applying mechanical vibration to the battery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion Batteries: Latest Advances, Challenges and Prospects)
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27 pages, 2799 KiB  
Article
Vibration Durability Testing of Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) Lithium-Ion 18,650 Battery Cells
by James Michael Hooper, James Marco, Gael Henri Chouchelamane and Christopher Lyness
Energies 2016, 9(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/en9010052 - 19 Jan 2016
Cited by 54 | Viewed by 15741
Abstract
Electric vehicle (EV) manufacturers are employing cylindrical format cells in the construction of the vehicles’ battery systems. There is evidence to suggest that both the academic and industrial communities have evaluated cell degradation due to vibration and other forms of mechanical loading. The [...] Read more.
Electric vehicle (EV) manufacturers are employing cylindrical format cells in the construction of the vehicles’ battery systems. There is evidence to suggest that both the academic and industrial communities have evaluated cell degradation due to vibration and other forms of mechanical loading. The primary motivation is often the need to satisfy the minimum requirements for safety certification. However, there is limited research that quantifies the durability of the battery and in particular, how the cells will be affected by vibration that is representative of a typical automotive service life (e.g., 100,000 miles). This paper presents a study to determine the durability of commercially available 18,650 cells and quantifies both the electrical and mechanical vibration-induced degradation through measuring changes in cell capacity, impedance and natural frequency. The impact of the cell state of charge (SOC) and in-pack orientation is also evaluated. Experimental results are presented which clearly show that the performance of 18,650 cells can be affected by vibration profiles which are representative of a typical vehicle life. Consequently, it is recommended that EV manufacturers undertake vibration testing, as part of their technology selection and development activities to enhance the quality of EVs and to minimize the risk of in-service warranty claims. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Collection)
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