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Keywords = copolar PWM switching control

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22 pages, 4371 KB  
Article
Efficiency-Based CLLC Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Using Copolar Switching
by Yueh-Tsung Hsieh, Chun-Hao Chen, Wen-Yuh Shieh, Chi-Chun Haung, Wei-Hua Chieng and Edward Yi Chang
Energies 2026, 19(8), 1820; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19081820 - 8 Apr 2026
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Abstract
This paper introduces a novel switching method called copolar switching, designed to maintain high power efficiency in CLLC bidirectional chargers across different modes of operation. The proposed method sets the switching frequency close to the resonance of the LC tank within the CLLC [...] Read more.
This paper introduces a novel switching method called copolar switching, designed to maintain high power efficiency in CLLC bidirectional chargers across different modes of operation. The proposed method sets the switching frequency close to the resonance of the LC tank within the CLLC circuit, ensuring efficient power conversion in both the forward (charging) and reverse (discharging) modes. Using Fourier series analysis and circuit theory, the necessary duty cycle for achieving the target efficiency is derived and applied to the full bridge on the high-voltage side in reverse mode. Copolar switching ensures that the entire CLLC circuit operates at a single resonant frequency, addressing the conventional issue of unbalanced efficiency between forward and reverse power conversions. A prototype circuit was designed for power conversion between 400 V and 48 V. Experimental results demonstrate 1 kW power conversion with 97% efficiency in forward mode and 800 W conversion with the same efficiency in reverse mode. Additionally, the copolar switching method shows potential for applications requiring voltage output adjustments, such as converting between 400 V and 50 V. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section F1: Electrical Power System)
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