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Keywords = cloacoscopy

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21 pages, 15458 KB  
Review
Sex Determination in Reptiles: A Review
by Alessandro Vetere, Michele Capasso and Francesco Di Ianni
Animals 2025, 15(2), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15020168 - 10 Jan 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 12306
Abstract
Reptile biodiversity is rapidly declining, with over 11,733 recognized species across 1226 genera being documented, many of which are endangered. Captive breeding programs play a crucial role in conservation; however, effective management requires accurate sex determination, especially due to the fact that many [...] Read more.
Reptile biodiversity is rapidly declining, with over 11,733 recognized species across 1226 genera being documented, many of which are endangered. Captive breeding programs play a crucial role in conservation; however, effective management requires accurate sex determination, especially due to the fact that many reptile species exhibit minimal or no sexual dimorphism. When present, sexual dimorphism manifests as differences such as size, coloration, and morphological features influenced by evolutionary pressures and hormones. Various sex determination techniques are employed due to the lack of external sexual characteristics in many species. These methods include probing, hydrostatic eversion, popping, ultrasound, CT, radiography, contrast radiography, endoscopy, and genotypic sex determination. Accurate sex determination is crucial for the success of captive breeding programs and the conservation of reptile species. Advanced imaging and molecular methods offer promising non-invasive alternatives but may not be universally accessible or effective. An understanding of the unique reproductive anatomy and the use of appropriate sexing techniques are fundamental to establishing breeding groups, preventing aggressive behaviours among groups, and ensuring the long-term survival of endangered reptile populations. Full article
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15 pages, 7159 KB  
Case Report
Egg Removal via Cloacoscopy in Three Dystocic Leopard Geckos (Eublepharis macularius)
by Alessandro Vetere, Enrico Bigliardi, Marco Masi, Matteo Rizzi, Elisa Leandrin and Francesco Di Ianni
Animals 2023, 13(5), 924; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050924 - 3 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 8072
Abstract
Dystocia is a multifactorial, life-threatening condition commonly affecting pet reptiles. Treatment for dystocia can be either medical or surgical. Medical treatment usually involves the administration of oxytocin, but in some species or, in some cases, this treatment does not work as expected. Surgical [...] Read more.
Dystocia is a multifactorial, life-threatening condition commonly affecting pet reptiles. Treatment for dystocia can be either medical or surgical. Medical treatment usually involves the administration of oxytocin, but in some species or, in some cases, this treatment does not work as expected. Surgical treatments such as ovariectomy or ovariosalpingectomy are resolutive, but invasive in small-sized reptiles. In this paper, we describe three cases of post ovulatory egg retention in three leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) successfully treated through a cloacoscopic removal of the retained eggs, after a non resolutive medical treatment. The intervention was fast, non-invasive, and no procedure-related adverse effects were noted. The problem relapsed six months later in one animal, and a successful bilateral ovariosalpingectomy was performed. Cloacoscopy should be considered a valuable, non-invasive tool for egg removal in dystocic leopard geckos when the egg is accessible to manipulation. Recrudescence or complications such as adhesions, oviductal rupture, or the presence of ectopic eggs should recommend surgical intervention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Herpetological Medicine and Surgery)
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