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Keywords = cantilever type PVDF

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15 pages, 4966 KiB  
Article
Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Dual-Cantilever Piezoelectric Film Sensor with a Broadband Response and High Sensitivity
by Wei Xin, Zhaoyang He and Chaocheng Zhao
Micromachines 2023, 14(11), 2108; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14112108 - 17 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2110
Abstract
Cantilever-beam-type PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) piezoelectric film sensors are commonly utilized for vibration signal detection due to their simple structures and ease of processing. Traditional cantilevered PVDF piezoelectric film sensors are susceptible to the influence of the second-order vibration mode and have a low [...] Read more.
Cantilever-beam-type PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) piezoelectric film sensors are commonly utilized for vibration signal detection due to their simple structures and ease of processing. Traditional cantilevered PVDF piezoelectric film sensors are susceptible to the influence of the second-order vibration mode and have a low lateral stress distribution at the free end, which limit their measurement bandwidth and sensitivity. This study is on the design of a dual-cantilever PVDF piezoelectric film sensor based on the principle of cantilevered piezoelectric film sensors. The results of the experiments indicate that, compared to a typical single-arm piezoelectric cantilever beam vibration sensor, the developed sensor has a longer second-order natural frequency that ranges from 112 Hz to 453 Hz, while the first-order natural frequency is maintained at around 12 Hz. This leads to a better ratio of the second-order natural frequency to the first-order natural frequency and a wider frequency response range. At the same time, the sensitivity is increased by a factor of 3.48. Full article
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11 pages, 1746 KiB  
Article
Reliability Analysis of Coating Material on Polyvinylidene Fluoride Layers Used in Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesting Device
by Chandana Ravikumar and Vytautas Markevicius
Coatings 2023, 13(11), 1842; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13111842 - 27 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1392
Abstract
Piezoelectric energy harvesters operate by converting mechanical vibrations or strains into electrical energy. From recent research, it is understood that the choice of coating material for piezoelectric energy harvesters is a critical consideration that impacts the device’s performance, durability, and compatibility with the [...] Read more.
Piezoelectric energy harvesters operate by converting mechanical vibrations or strains into electrical energy. From recent research, it is understood that the choice of coating material for piezoelectric energy harvesters is a critical consideration that impacts the device’s performance, durability, and compatibility with the intended application. Selecting the right coating material involves balancing the electrical, mechanical, and environmental requirements to optimize energy conversion and reliability. There are methods like the thermocycling process that can provide an accelerated ageing of the energy harvester in order to conduct a reliability assessment. The thermocycling process was carried out for 450 h on six samples of piezoelectric cantilever-type energy harvesters made of copper–nickel- and aluminum-coated PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric material. The effect of aluminum and copper–nickel coating on PVDF piezoelectric material before and after the aging process was studied. The numerical results of the generated output voltage, surface resistance, and capacitance values measured before and after the accelerated aging process are presented in this study. This work also discusses the structure of the developed energy harvester, thermocycling experiment setup, and methodology of conducting the ageing process. It aims to provide a conclusion on the suitability of the PVDF metal coating material, the type of conductive adhesive to be used in order to seal the PVDF material to the harvester core, improvements in the structural design and selection of materials to reduce mechanical fatigue and ensure even stress distribution, and minimizing points of stress concentration, to help mitigate piezoelectric material delamination risks. Full article
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14 pages, 7286 KiB  
Article
A Study on the Underwater Energy Harvester with Two PVDFs Installed on the FTEH and CTEH at the End of the Support
by Jongkil Lee, Jinhyo An, Chonghyun Lee, Yoonsang Jeong, Hee-Seon Seo and Yohan Cho
Sensors 2023, 23(2), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020808 - 10 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1733
Abstract
In this study, two thin rectangular PVDFs were installed in the form of a cantilever on a FTEH (funnel-type energy harvester), and a CTEH (cymbal-type energy harvester) was fabricated in a form coupled to the upper part of the support. As a result [...] Read more.
In this study, two thin rectangular PVDFs were installed in the form of a cantilever on a FTEH (funnel-type energy harvester), and a CTEH (cymbal-type energy harvester) was fabricated in a form coupled to the upper part of the support. As a result of measuring the energy harvesting sensitivity according to the installation direction of the CTEH, a high voltage was measured in the structure installed on top of the support across all flow velocity conditions. A composite structure PVDF energy harvester combining CTEH and FTEH was fabricated and the amount of power generated was measured. As a result of measuring the open-circuit voltage of the PVDF energy harvester device with a composite structure to which the optimum resistance of CTEH of 241 kΩ and the optimum resistance of FTEH of 1474 kΩ were applied at a flow rate of 0.25 m/s, the output voltage compared to the RMS average value was 7 to 8.5 times higher for FTEH than for CTEH. When the flow rate was 0.5 m/s, the electrical energy charged for 500 s was measured as 2.0 μWs to 2.5 μWs, and when the flow speed was 0.75 m/s, it reached 2.5 μWs when charged for 300 s, generating the same amount when the flow rate increased by 50%. The time to do it was reduced by 66.7%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Development of Piezoelectric Sensors and Actuators)
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16 pages, 16151 KiB  
Article
A Funnel Type PVDF Underwater Energy Harvester with Spiral Structure Mounted on the Harvester Support
by Jongkil Lee, Jinhyo Ahn, Hyundu Jin, Chong Hyun Lee, Yoonsang Jeong, Kibae Lee, Hee-Seon Seo and Yohan Cho
Micromachines 2022, 13(4), 579; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13040579 - 7 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2500
Abstract
For the purpose of stably supplying electric power to the underwater wireless sensor, the energy harvesting technology in which a voltage is obtained by generating displacement in a piezoelectric material using flow-induced vibration is one of the most attractive research fields. The funnel [...] Read more.
For the purpose of stably supplying electric power to the underwater wireless sensor, the energy harvesting technology in which a voltage is obtained by generating displacement in a piezoelectric material using flow-induced vibration is one of the most attractive research fields. The funnel type energy harvester (FTEH) with PVDF proposed in this study is an energy harvester in which the inlet has a larger cross-sectional area than the outlet and a spiral structure is inserted to generate a vortex flow at the inlet. Based on numerical analysis, when PVDF with L = 100 mm and t = 1 mm was used, the electric power of 39 μW was generated at flow velocity of 0.25 m/s. In experiment the average RMS voltage of FTEH increased by 0.0209 V when the flow velocity increased by 1 m/s. When measured at 0.25 m/s flow velocity for 25 s, it was shown that voltage doubler rectifier (VDR) generated a voltage of 133.4 mV, 2.25 times larger than that of full bridge rectifier (FBR), and the energy charged in the capacitor was 44.3 nJ, 14% higher in VDR than that of the FBR. In addition, the VDR can deliver power of 17.75 μW for 1 kΩ load. It is shown that if the voltage generated by the FTEH using the flow velocity is stored using the VDR electric circuit, it will greatly contribute to the stable power supply of the underwater wireless sensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: Analysis, Design and Fabrication)
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10 pages, 2606 KiB  
Article
Environmental Effects on the Polypyrrole Tri-layer Actuator
by Nirul Masurkar, Kawsar Jamil and Leela Mohana Reddy Arava
Actuators 2017, 6(2), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/act6020017 - 26 Apr 2017
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 10411
Abstract
Electroactive polymer actuators such as polypyrrole (PPy) are exciting candidates to drive autonomous devices that require low weight and low power. A simple PPy tri-layer bending type cantilever which operates in the air has been demonstrated previously, but the environmental effect on this [...] Read more.
Electroactive polymer actuators such as polypyrrole (PPy) are exciting candidates to drive autonomous devices that require low weight and low power. A simple PPy tri-layer bending type cantilever which operates in the air has been demonstrated previously, but the environmental effect on this actuator is still unknown. The major obstacle in the development of the PPy tri-layer actuator is to create proper packaging that reduces oxidation of the electrolyte and maintains constant displacement. Here, we report the variation in the displacement as well as the charge transfer at the different environmental condition. PPy trilayer actuators were fabricated by depositing polypyrrole on gold-coated porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) using the electro-synthesis method. It has been demonstrated that the charge transfer of tri-layer actuators is more in an inert environment than in open air. In addition, tri-layer actuators show constant deflection and enhancement of life due to the negligible oxidation rate of the electrolyte in an inert environment. Full article
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15 pages, 2666 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Output Response of PVDF Sensor Attached on a Cantilever Beam Subjected to Impact Loading
by Cao Vu Dung and Eiichi Sasaki
Sensors 2016, 16(5), 601; https://doi.org/10.3390/s16050601 - 27 Apr 2016
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 11341
Abstract
Polyvinylidene Flouride (PVDF) is a film-type polymer that has been used as sensors and actuators in various applications due to its mechanical toughness, flexibility, and low density. A PVDF sensor typically covers an area of the host structure over which mechanical stress/strain is [...] Read more.
Polyvinylidene Flouride (PVDF) is a film-type polymer that has been used as sensors and actuators in various applications due to its mechanical toughness, flexibility, and low density. A PVDF sensor typically covers an area of the host structure over which mechanical stress/strain is averaged and converted to electrical energy. This study investigates the fundamental “stress-averaging” mechanism for dynamic strain sensing in the in-plane mode. A numerical simulation was conducted to simulate the “stress-averaging” mechanism of a PVDF sensor attached on a cantilever beam subjected to an impact loading, taking into account the contribution of piezoelectricity, the cantilever beam’s modal properties, and electronic signal conditioning. Impact tests and FEM analysis were also carried out to verify the numerical simulation results. The results of impact tests indicate the excellent capability of the attached PVDF sensor in capturing the fundamental natural frequencies of the cantilever beam. There is a good agreement between the PVDF sensor’s output voltage predicted by the numerical simulation and that obtained in the impact tests. Parametric studies were conducted to investigate the effects of sensor size and sensor position and it is shown that a larger sensor tends to generate higher output voltage than a smaller one at the same location. However, the effect of sensor location seems to be more significant for larger sensors due to the cancelling problem. Overall, PVDF sensors exhibit excellent sensing capability for in-plane dynamic strain induced by impact loading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
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