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Keywords = breast milk odor and taste

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15 pages, 1450 KB  
Article
Efficacy of Breast Milk Olfactory and Gustatory Interventions on Neonates’ Biobehavioral Responses to Pain during Heel Prick Procedures
by Chiao-Hsuan Lin, Jen-Jiuan Liaw, Yu-Ting Chen, Ti Yin, Luke Yang and Hsiang-Yun Lan
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1240; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031240 - 22 Jan 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4770
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of breast milk odor either alone or in combination with breast milk taste (via syringe-feeding) to alleviate neonates’ biobehavioral responses to pain during heel-prick procedures. This prospective randomized controlled trial recruited 114 neonates by convenience sampling [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of breast milk odor either alone or in combination with breast milk taste (via syringe-feeding) to alleviate neonates’ biobehavioral responses to pain during heel-prick procedures. This prospective randomized controlled trial recruited 114 neonates by convenience sampling from a newborn unit of a medical center in Taiwan. Neonates were randomly assigned to three groups: control (gentle touch + human voice), control + breast milk odor, and control + breast milk odor + breast milk taste. Heart rate, oxygen saturation, and voice recordings of crying were measured across heel-prick procedures: baseline, no stimuli (stage 0); during heel prick (Stages 1–4); and recovery (Stages 5–10). Generalized estimating equations and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis compared differences in changes between groups for heart rate, oxygen saturation, and time to crying cessation. Changes in mean heart rate and oxygen saturation in neonates receiving breast milk odor or breast milk odor + breast milk taste were significantly less than those at the corresponding stage for the control group. Among neonates receiving breast milk odor or breast milk odor + breast milk taste, hazard rate ratios for crying cessation were 3.016 and 6.466, respectively. Mother’s breast milk olfactory and gustatory interventions could stabilize the biobehavioral responses to pain during heel prick procedures in neonates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breast Milk and Infant Well-Being)
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