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Keywords = bio-inspired grooves

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17 pages, 5092 KiB  
Article
Biomimetic Grooved Ribbon Aerogel Inspired by the Structure of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Needles for Efficient Air Purification
by Bo Zhao, Zikun Huang, Mingze Han, Bernardo Predicala, Qiushi Wang, Yunhong Liang, Mo Li, Xin Liu, Jiangtao Qi and Li Guo
Polymers 2025, 17(9), 1234; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091234 - 30 Apr 2025
Viewed by 440
Abstract
Air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM) and ammonia (NH3), generated by intensive animal farming pose considerable threats to human health, animal welfare, and ecological balance. Conventional materials are often ineffective at simultaneously removing multiple pollutants, maintaining a low pressure drop, [...] Read more.
Air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM) and ammonia (NH3), generated by intensive animal farming pose considerable threats to human health, animal welfare, and ecological balance. Conventional materials are often ineffective at simultaneously removing multiple pollutants, maintaining a low pressure drop, and ensuring durability in heavily polluted environments. Inspired by the dust-retention properties of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (PS) needles, this study developed a biomimetic grooved ribbon fiber using electrospinning technology. These fibers were further assembled into a three-dimensional bioinspired aerogel structure through freeze-forming technology to achieve efficient dust capture. Additionally, the introduction of UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles significantly enhanced the properties of the aerogels for NH3 adsorption. Among the various prepared aerogels (PG, UPG-5, UPG-10, UPG-15, and UPG-20), UPG-10 demonstrated the best performance, achieving a filtration efficiency of 99.24% with a pressure drop of 95 Pa. Notably, it exhibited a remarkable dust-holding capacity of 147 g/m2, and its NH3 adsorption capacity reached 99.89 cm3/g, surpassing PG aerogel by 31.46 cm3/g. Additionally, UPG-10 exhibited outstanding elasticity, maintaining over 80% of its original shape after 30 compression cycles. This biomimetic aerogel presents a promising solution for air purification, contributing to improved agricultural efficiency and environmental sustainability. Full article
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40 pages, 4594 KiB  
Review
Review of Passive Flow Control Methods for Compressor Linear Cascades
by Oana Dumitrescu, Emilia-Georgiana Prisăcariu and Valeriu Drăgan
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 4040; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15074040 - 7 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1388
Abstract
This paper reviews the evolution of flow control methods for bladed linear cascades, focusing on passive techniques like riblets, grooves, vortex generators (VGs), and blade slots, which have proven effective in reducing drag, suppressing flow separation, and enhancing stability. The review outlines key [...] Read more.
This paper reviews the evolution of flow control methods for bladed linear cascades, focusing on passive techniques like riblets, grooves, vortex generators (VGs), and blade slots, which have proven effective in reducing drag, suppressing flow separation, and enhancing stability. The review outlines key historical developments that have improved flow efficiency and reduced losses in cascades. Bio-inspired designs, including riblets and grooves, help stabilize the boundary layer, reduce loss coefficients, and improve flow turning, which is vital for controlling drag and secondary flow effects. Vortex generators, fences, and slotted wingtips enhance stall margins and suppress corner separation, improving performance under off-design conditions. These methods are optimized based on aerodynamic parameters such as Reynolds number and boundary layer characteristics, offering substantial efficiency gains in high-performance compressors. Advancements in computational tools, like high-fidelity simulations and optimization techniques, have provided deeper insights into complex flow phenomena, including turbulence and vortex dynamics. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in fully optimizing these methods for diverse operating conditions and ensuring their practical application. This review highlights promising strategies for improving flow control efficiency and robustness, contributing to the design of next-generation turbomachinery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Mechanical Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 7409 KiB  
Article
Influence of Herringbone Grooves Inspired by Bird Feathers on Aerodynamics of Compressor Cascade under Different Reynolds Number Conditions
by Shaobing Han, Zhijie Yang, Jingjun Zhong and Yuying Yan
Aerospace 2024, 11(8), 626; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11080626 - 31 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1205
Abstract
Nowadays, high aerodynamic load has made blade separation an issue for compact axial compressors under high-altitude low-Reynolds-number conditions. In this study, herringbone grooves inspired by bird feathers were applied to suppress the suction side separation and reduce loss. To study the effect of [...] Read more.
Nowadays, high aerodynamic load has made blade separation an issue for compact axial compressors under high-altitude low-Reynolds-number conditions. In this study, herringbone grooves inspired by bird feathers were applied to suppress the suction side separation and reduce loss. To study the effect of bio-inspired herringbone grooves on the aerodynamic performance of compressor cascades, a high subsonic compressor cascade was taken as the research object. Under the conditions of different Reynolds numbers, the effects of herringbone grooves of different depths on the flow separation were numerically studied. The research results show that at a high-Reynolds-number condition (Re = 5.6 × 105), the sawtooth-shaped wake induced by herringbone grooves increases the turbulent mixing loss near the suction surface, and the blade performance deteriorates. At a low-Reynolds-number condition (Re = 1.3 × 105), the span-wise secondary flow and micro-vortex structure induced by the herringbone grooves effectively suppress the laminar separation on the suction surface of the blade, and there is an optimal depth for the herringbone grooves that reduces the profile loss by 8.33% and increases the static pressure ratio by 0.55%. The selection principle of the optimal groove depth with the Re is discussed based on the research results under six low-Reynolds-number conditions. Full article
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14 pages, 6599 KiB  
Article
An Amphiphilic Surface with Improved Thermal Radiation for Water Harvesting
by Han Wang, Shengtao Li, Ye Zhang, Weihui Wu, Khaled Abdeen Mousa Ali and Changyou Li
Molecules 2024, 29(11), 2672; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112672 - 5 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1379
Abstract
Water scarcity poses a significant challenge for people living in arid areas. Despite the effectiveness of many bioinspired surfaces in promoting vapor condensation, their water-harvesting efficiency is insufficient. This is often exacerbated by overheating, which decreases the performance in terms of the micro-droplet [...] Read more.
Water scarcity poses a significant challenge for people living in arid areas. Despite the effectiveness of many bioinspired surfaces in promoting vapor condensation, their water-harvesting efficiency is insufficient. This is often exacerbated by overheating, which decreases the performance in terms of the micro-droplet concentration and movement on surfaces. In this study, we used a spotted amphiphilic surface to enhance the surfaces’ water-harvesting efficiency while maintaining their heat emissivity. Through hydrophilic particle screening and hydrophobic groove modifying, the coalescence and sliding characteristics of droplets on the amphiphilic surfaces were improved. The incorporation of boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles further enhanced the surfaces’ ability to harvest energy from condensation. To evaluate the water-harvesting performance of these amphiphilic surfaces, we utilized a real-time recording water-harvesting platform to identify microscopic weight changes on the surfaces. Our findings indicated that the inclusion of glass particles in hydrophobic grooves, combined with 1.0 wt.% BN nanoparticles, enhanced the water-harvesting efficiency of the amphiphilic surfaces by more than 20%. Full article
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15 pages, 9433 KiB  
Article
Investigation on the Anisotropic Wetting Properties of Water Droplets on Bio-Inspired Groove Structures Fabricated by 3D Printing and Surface Modifications
by Ngoc Phuong Uyen Mai and Po-Yu Chen
Biomimetics 2022, 7(4), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7040174 - 24 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2629
Abstract
The self-driving structure to orientate the water movement has attracted considerable attention. Inspired by the wedgelike structures of biological materials in nature, such as spider silks and cactus spines, anisotropic spreading can be realized by combining Laplace pressure gradient and hydrophilic surface. In [...] Read more.
The self-driving structure to orientate the water movement has attracted considerable attention. Inspired by the wedgelike structures of biological materials in nature, such as spider silks and cactus spines, anisotropic spreading can be realized by combining Laplace pressure gradient and hydrophilic surface. In this study, a series of groove patterns were fabricated by a combination of 3D printing and surface modification. PLA pattern was modified by the atmospheric pressure plasma, followed by grafting with hydrolyzed APTES. This work reports the anisotropic transport of water droplets on a series of designed dart-shaped groove patterns with specific angles in the main arrow and tail regions. This structure can induce capillary force to regulate droplets from the main cone to two wedgelike, whereas the droplets are hindered toward the opposite side is oat the vicinity of the groove’s tail. By means of the experiment, the mechanism of water transport in this pattern was revealed. This study can contribute a potential approach to manipulate and apply anisotropic wetting in many fields. Full article
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15 pages, 4295 KiB  
Article
The Impact Behaviour of Crab Carapaces in Relation to Morphology
by Puspa Restu Sayekti, Fahrunnida, Gabrielis Cerniauskas, Colin Robert, Bambang Retnoaji and Parvez Alam
Materials 2020, 13(18), 3994; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13183994 - 9 Sep 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3753
Abstract
Brachyuran crab carapaces are protective, impact-resistant exoskeletons with elaborate material microstructures. Though several research efforts have been made to characterise the physical, material and mechanical properties of the crab carapace, there are no studies detailing how crab morphologies might influence impact resistance. The [...] Read more.
Brachyuran crab carapaces are protective, impact-resistant exoskeletons with elaborate material microstructures. Though several research efforts have been made to characterise the physical, material and mechanical properties of the crab carapace, there are no studies detailing how crab morphologies might influence impact resistance. The purpose of this paper is to characterise and compare Brachyuran crab carapace morphologies in relation to their impact properties, using opto-digital, experimental and numerical methods. We find that crab carapaces with both extended carapace arc-lengths and deep carapace grooves lose stiffness rapidly under cyclic impact loading, and fail in a brittle manner. Contrarily, carapaces with smaller arc lengths and shallower, more broadly distributed carapace grooves are more effective in dissipating stresses caused by impact throughout the carapace structure. This allows them to retain stiffness for longer, and influences their failure mode, which is ductile (denting), rather than brittle fracture. The findings in this paper provide new bioinspired approaches for the geometrical designs by which means material failure under cyclic impact can be controlled and manipulated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimetic Composites and Design)
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19 pages, 32680 KiB  
Article
Development of Mixed Flow Fans with Bio-Inspired Grooves
by Jinxin Wang, Toshiyuki Nakata and Hao Liu
Biomimetics 2019, 4(4), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics4040072 - 18 Oct 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 8233
Abstract
Mixed flow fan is a kind of widely used turbomachine, which has faced problems of further performance improvement in traditional design methods in recent decades. Inspired by the microgrooves such as riblets and denticles on bird feathers and shark skins, we here propose [...] Read more.
Mixed flow fan is a kind of widely used turbomachine, which has faced problems of further performance improvement in traditional design methods in recent decades. Inspired by the microgrooves such as riblets and denticles on bird feathers and shark skins, we here propose biomimetic designs of various blades with the bio-inspired grooves, aiming at the improvement of the aeroacoustic performance. Based on a systematic study with computational fluid dynamic analyses, we found that these designs had the potential in noise suppression even with macroscopic grooves. Our best design can suppress turbulence kinetic energy by approximately 38% at the blade leading edge with aerodynamic efficiency loss of only 0.3 percentage points. This improvement is achieved by passive flow control. The vortical structures are changed in a favorable way at the leading edge due to the grooves. We believe that these biomimetic designs could provide a promising future of enhancing the performance of mixed flow fans by making grooves of ideal flow passages on the suction faces of blades in accord with the theory of pump design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from ICBE2019)
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