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Keywords = bilateral tariff margin

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16 pages, 978 KB  
Article
The Dark Matter of Bilateral Preferential Margins: An Assessment of the Effect of US Tariffs
by Maria Cipollina and Luca Salvatici
Sustainability 2022, 14(8), 4762; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084762 - 15 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2910
Abstract
This article aimed to quantify the impact of United States (US) trade policies and assess how changes in tariff margins will affect imports to the US. To do that, we estimated trade elasticities by sector using a gravity structural model, computed US preference [...] Read more.
This article aimed to quantify the impact of United States (US) trade policies and assess how changes in tariff margins will affect imports to the US. To do that, we estimated trade elasticities by sector using a gravity structural model, computed US preference margins on a bilateral basis, and investigated alternative scenarios for properly measuring the effects of US trade agreements on international trade. Results showed that the removal of all preferences might lead to a negative net effect of $41,202 million (2% of predicted trade), indicating that the actual US structure of tariffs generates a trade diversion to less efficient exporters and destroys trade flows, even if the impact differs by sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability in Firm Internationalization and International Trade)
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20 pages, 499 KB  
Article
The Trade Effect of the EU’s Preference Margins and Non-Tariff Barriers
by Maria Cipollina and Federica Demaria
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2020, 13(9), 203; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13090203 - 9 Sep 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 9650
Abstract
Nowadays, trade negotiations afford both liberalism- and protectionism-oriented policies. Indeed, in recent decades, the developed countries have been actively engaged in negotiating many preferential agreements to integrate developing countries (DCs) into world trade and encourage their economic growth, but many of these schemes [...] Read more.
Nowadays, trade negotiations afford both liberalism- and protectionism-oriented policies. Indeed, in recent decades, the developed countries have been actively engaged in negotiating many preferential agreements to integrate developing countries (DCs) into world trade and encourage their economic growth, but many of these schemes contrast with the complex rules, often imposed on international markets, that still are an obstacle for exporters. Their presence and related costs reduce the importance of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) in increasing trade flows. This article attempts to assess the impact of preferential trade policies on trade flows controlling for different non-tariff barriers (NTBs), using a structural gravity model. The analysis uses disaggregated data, registered in the year 2017, on EU imports (defined at level HS-6 digit) from a large number of exporters (187 developed and developing countries) and also includes the intra-EU trade. Our results show robust and positive estimates for the impact of preferences on bilateral trade flows, however, higher non-tariff barriers are likely to play a role in reducing both the extensive margins of trade, and so tariff preferences alone are not sufficient to access international markets. The impact of NTBs on the intensive margin of trade is ambiguous; some measures may act as catalysts and therefore increase trade, and others may act as an additional cost of trade and thus hinder trade. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Trade Theory and Policy)
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15 pages, 1464 KB  
Article
The Trade Impact of EU Tariff Margins: An Empirical Assessment
by Maria Cipollina and Luca Salvatici
Soc. Sci. 2019, 8(9), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8090261 - 12 Sep 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 7326
Abstract
This article provides an assessment of how the EU trade policies affect EU imports. The main contribution is that we compute a theoretically consistent measure of the EU tariff margin and estimate the elasticities of substitution at the sectoral level, using a structural [...] Read more.
This article provides an assessment of how the EU trade policies affect EU imports. The main contribution is that we compute a theoretically consistent measure of the EU tariff margin and estimate the elasticities of substitution at the sectoral level, using a structural gravity model that includes domestic trade flows. Our analysis is related to the most recent gravity literature and the identification strategy is based on the existence of a sufficient variation of the tariffs applied by the EU to different markets of origin. We use cross-section data (more than 5000 tariff lines and 188 exporters, including the EU28 Member States, in the year 2017), to obtain structural gravity estimates of trade substitution elasticities. Since tariffs greatly differ by product, an in-depth analysis should take place at the tariff line. Moreover, we use the information provided by the Eurostat Comext database on the tariff regime of imports, so we distinguish the Most Favored Nation (MFN) from the preferential trade flows. The estimated elasticities can be used to calculate the counterfactual change in total EU imports that would follow either from the removal of trade preferences or from the removal of trade policies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Analysis of EU Trade Policies)
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