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Keywords = barium nitrate crystals

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11 pages, 2677 KB  
Article
Large-Size Barium Nitrate Crystal Growth and Large-Energy, High-Efficiency Raman Frequency Conversion to Yellow–Orange Waveband
by Xiaojing Lin, Hongkai Ren, Pingzhang Yu, Guowei Liu, Zhengping Wang, Xun Sun and Xinguang Xu
Crystals 2026, 16(3), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16030198 - 13 Mar 2026
Viewed by 618
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) with Raman crystals is widely recognized as an effective technical approach for achieving high-efficiency lasers at specific wavelengths. However, due to crystal size limitations, it is challenging to generate large-energy Raman lasers while simultaneously considering the laser damage threshold [...] Read more.
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) with Raman crystals is widely recognized as an effective technical approach for achieving high-efficiency lasers at specific wavelengths. However, due to crystal size limitations, it is challenging to generate large-energy Raman lasers while simultaneously considering the laser damage threshold of optical components. To overcome this limitation, in this paper we describe the successful fabrication of a large-aperture barium nitrate Raman gain medium using the directional template growth technique. Employing this large-aperture Raman medium and a 532 nm pulse laser as the excitation source, a large-energy, high-efficiency yellow–orange waveband laser system was constructed. When injected with 886.7 mJ pump energy at 532 nm, the Raman laser achieved a maximum output energy of 556.2 mJ, corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 62.7%. This represents a significant advancement in single-pulse energy for barium nitrate Raman lasers. Large-energy yellow–orange wavelength lasers have applications in the clinical treatment of skin diseases and microfluidic chip manufacturing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Crystal Engineering)
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11 pages, 3078 KB  
Article
Synthesis of a Metal Oxide by Forming Solvate Eutectic Mixtures and Study of Their Synthetic Performance under Hyper- and Hypo-Eutectic Conditions
by Omar Gómez Rojas, Simon R. Hall and Tadachika Nakayama
Crystals 2020, 10(5), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst10050414 - 21 May 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4134
Abstract
The synthesis of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO or 123) superconductor was carried out under hyper- and hypo-eutectic conditions with different ammonium compounds, i.e., ammonium nitrate, formate, acetate, carbonate, bicarbonate, and tetramethylammonium nitrate. The aim was to find more affordable synthetic [...] Read more.
The synthesis of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO or 123) superconductor was carried out under hyper- and hypo-eutectic conditions with different ammonium compounds, i.e., ammonium nitrate, formate, acetate, carbonate, bicarbonate, and tetramethylammonium nitrate. The aim was to find more affordable synthetic pathways using highly available and cheaper compounds, as well as to study the crystal formation under no-carbon conditions when ammonium nitrate was employed. Best results were obtained when eutectic conditions were achieved, namely by ammonium nitrate and YBaCu nitrates in a 5:1 molar ratio (81% of the superconductor). Ammonium formate, acetate, carbonate, and bicarbonate did not produce eutectic mixes. Temperature analysis of the reaction carried out by ammonium nitrate/YBaCu nitrates indicated the formation of barium carbonate, despite no carbon source being used in this reaction. This phenomenon is further discussed in this work. Consequently, tetramethylammonium nitrate, as a chelator and carbon source, was used, providing >96% of the superconductor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Crystal Growth of Superconductors Materials)
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