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Keywords = asymmetrical multimode interference splitter

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11 pages, 1302 KB  
Article
A Ring-Assisted Asymmetric Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for High-Sensitivity and Stable On-Chip Temperature Sensing
by Huan Guan, Zhuoting Wang, Shuhui Bo and Zhiyong Li
Photonics 2026, 13(3), 300; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13030300 - 20 Mar 2026
Viewed by 135
Abstract
A high-sensitivity and high-stability on-chip temperature sensor based on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this work. The device employs a ring-assisted asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer (RAMZI), enhancing both temperature sensitivity and measurement stability. Broadband, wavelength-insensitive components, including multimode interference [...] Read more.
A high-sensitivity and high-stability on-chip temperature sensor based on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this work. The device employs a ring-assisted asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer (RAMZI), enhancing both temperature sensitivity and measurement stability. Broadband, wavelength-insensitive components, including multimode interference couplers and adiabatic 3 dB splitters, reduce the influence of laser wavelength fluctuations and mitigate interference errors caused by environmental perturbations. The sensor achieves a temperature sensitivity of 108.74 pm/K, corresponding to an approximately 40% improvement over a conventional AMZI with the same footprint. Moreover, a wavelength drift of only 18 pm over 45 min demonstrates excellent stability and robustness. This work provides an effective solution for highly sensitive and stable on-chip temperature sensing in photonic integrated systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optical Sensors and Applications)
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12 pages, 15402 KB  
Article
Compact Low Loss Ribbed Asymmetric Multimode Interference Power Splitter
by Yanfeng Liang, Huanlin Lv, Baichao Liu, Haoyu Wang, Fangxu Liu, Shuo Liu, Yang Cong, Xuanchen Li and Qingxiao Guo
Photonics 2024, 11(5), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050472 - 17 May 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3237
Abstract
Optical power splitters (OPSs) are utilized extensively in integrated photonic circuits, drawing significant interest in research on power splitters with adjustable splitting ratios. This paper introduces a compact, low-loss 1 × 2 asymmetric multimode interferometric (MMI) optical power splitter on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) [...] Read more.
Optical power splitters (OPSs) are utilized extensively in integrated photonic circuits, drawing significant interest in research on power splitters with adjustable splitting ratios. This paper introduces a compact, low-loss 1 × 2 asymmetric multimode interferometric (MMI) optical power splitter on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The device is simulated using the finite difference method (FDM) and eigenmode expansion solver (EME). It is possible to attain various output power splitting ratios by making the geometry of the MMI central section asymmetric relative to the propagation axis. Six distinct optical power splitters are designed with unconventional splitting ratios in this paper, which substantiates that the device can achieve any power splitter ratios (PSRs) in the range of 95:5 to 50:50. The dimensions of the multimode section were established at 2.9 × (9.5–10.9) μm. Simulation results show a range of unique advantages of the device, including a low extra loss of less than 0.4 dB, good fabrication tolerance, and power splitting ratio fluctuation below 3% across the 1500 nm to 1600 nm wavelength span. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Fiber Communication Systems and Networks)
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8 pages, 2003 KB  
Communication
The Design and Characterization of an Ultra-Compact Asymmetrical Multimode Interference Splitter on Lithium Niobate Thin Film
by Dechen Li, Jinye Li, Run Li and Jianguo Liu
Photonics 2024, 11(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010060 - 5 Jan 2024
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5230
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a high-performance asymmetrical multimode interference splitter on X-cut lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) with an ultra-compact size of 5.8 μm × (26.4–35.6) μm. A rectangle with a small region is removed from the upper left corner of the multimode [...] Read more.
We propose and demonstrate a high-performance asymmetrical multimode interference splitter on X-cut lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) with an ultra-compact size of 5.8 μm × (26.4–35.6) μm. A rectangle with a small region is removed from the upper left corner of the multimode interference (MMI) coupler to achieve a variable splitting ratio. Here, we design and characterize MMIs in six different distribution ratios ranging from 50:50 to 95:5 on a 600 nm thick LNOI. Based on the cascade structure, the linear fitting method accurately shows the device loss (~0.1–0.9 dB). Our fabricated devices demonstrate robustness across a 30 nm optical bandwidth (1535–1565 nm). In addition, we numerically simulate the Z-cut LNOI, showing that the structure corresponding to the TM mode can also achieve a good variable splitting ratio. Full article
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