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Keywords = apatite crystallite orientation

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13 pages, 4856 KB  
Article
Analysis of Bone Mineral Density and Bone Quality of Cortical Bone in the Human Hyoid Body and Histological Observation of the Entheses
by Masaaki Kasahara, Tomoko Someya, Kei Kitamura, Genji Watanabe, Satoru Matsunaga, Shinichi Abe and Masayuki Hattori
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(3), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15030056 - 22 Feb 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3593
Abstract
The hyoid is the only bone in the human body that is completely independent, not forming a joint with any other bone; its position is maintained by the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles, as well as several ligaments. The purpose of this study was [...] Read more.
The hyoid is the only bone in the human body that is completely independent, not forming a joint with any other bone; its position is maintained by the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles, as well as several ligaments. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of the functional pressure arising from these muscles and ligaments on the hyoid body structure from its bone mineral density, bone quality, and histological observations. The area between the mesial-most part of each lesser horn and the center of the hyoid body was divided equally into four measurement regions. We conducted histological investigations at each measurement region and observed the entheses. To analyze bone mass and bone quality, we also measured bone mineral density (BMD) and analyzed biological apatite (BAp) crystallite orientation in the same regions. Histological observations identified periosteal insertions and fibrocartilaginous entheses. There was no significant difference in BMD between any of the measurement regions, but the preferential orientation of BAp crystallites was stronger in the infrahyoid muscles and ligaments, where fibrocartilaginous entheses are found, than in other places. This suggests that the functional pressure at these sites might exert a major effect not only on the morphological characteristics of the entheses but also on bone quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Bone Biomaterials)
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10 pages, 3644 KB  
Article
A Novel Ex Vivo Bone Culture Model for Regulation of Collagen/Apatite Preferential Orientation by Mechanical Loading
by Ryota Watanabe, Aira Matsugaki, Takuya Ishimoto, Ryosuke Ozasa, Takuya Matsumoto and Takayoshi Nakano
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(13), 7423; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137423 - 4 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3247
Abstract
The anisotropic microstructure of bone, composed of collagen fibers and biological apatite crystallites, is an important determinant of its mechanical properties. Recent studies have revealed that the preferential orientation of collagen/apatite composites is closely related to the direction and magnitude of in vivo [...] Read more.
The anisotropic microstructure of bone, composed of collagen fibers and biological apatite crystallites, is an important determinant of its mechanical properties. Recent studies have revealed that the preferential orientation of collagen/apatite composites is closely related to the direction and magnitude of in vivo principal stress. However, the mechanism of alteration in the collagen/apatite microstructure to adapt to the mechanical environment remains unclear. In this study, we established a novel ex vivo bone culture system using embryonic mouse femurs, which enabled artificial control of the mechanical environment. The mineralized femur length significantly increased following cultivation; uniaxial mechanical loading promoted chondrocyte hypertrophy in the growth plates of embryonic mouse femurs. Compressive mechanical loading using the ex vivo bone culture system induced a higher anisotropic microstructure than that observed in the unloaded femur. Osteocytes in the anisotropic bone microstructure were elongated and aligned along the long axis of the femur, which corresponded to the principal loading direction. The ex vivo uniaxial mechanical loading successfully induced the formation of an oriented collagen/apatite microstructure via osteocyte mechano-sensation in a manner quite similar to the in vivo environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Experimental Models in Bone Metabolic Disease)
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