Sign in to use this feature.

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Journals

Article Types

Countries / Regions

Search Results (32)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = anogenital warts

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
14 pages, 5817 KiB  
Article
Recent Changes in Sexually Transmitted Infection in Korea: A Population-Based Analysis
by Jae Yen Song, Kang Seob Kim, Chang Hee Han and Sangrak Bae
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(14), 5145; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14145145 - 20 Jul 2025
Viewed by 595
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence and epidemiological changes of major sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Korea over the past decade. Methods: From 2010 to 2021, patients diagnosed with STIs based on ICD-10 codes were analyzed [...] Read more.
Background: The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence and epidemiological changes of major sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Korea over the past decade. Methods: From 2010 to 2021, patients diagnosed with STIs based on ICD-10 codes were analyzed using Korean Health insurance data. The analysis included the number of patients, prevalence, and age-specific prevalence (in 5-year intervals) over this period. We examined changes in disease patterns over time by analyzing the annual trends and age-specific prevalence of bacterial STIs such as chlamydia, mycoplasma, gonorrhea, and syphilis; viral STIs such as genital herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); and other infections including scabies, pubic lice, and trichomoniasis. Results: In 2010, the STI with the highest prevalence due to an infectious pathogen was trichomoniasis (256.65/100,000), while latent syphilis had the lowest prevalence (5.29/100,000). In 2021, the STI with the highest prevalence was genital herpes (254.54 per 100,000 persons), and latent syphilis continued to have the lowest prevalence. Bacterial STIs showed a decreasing trend. Viral STIs showed a continuous increase throughout the study period, with anogenital warts (AGW) having the highest rate of increase. Other infections showed a decreasing trend. HIV and AGW in men showed a rapid increase. Gender differences varied depending on the disease. Conclusions: While bacterial STIs have gradually declined, viral STIs have continued to increase during last decade. The characteristics of each pathogen vary according to age and gender, necessitating the establishment of risk groups for each pathogen and the development of prevention policies accordingly. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 617 KiB  
Article
Trends of Anogenital Warts: A 32-Year Retrospective Observational Study (Italy, 1991–2022)
by Eugenia Giuliani, Maria Gabriella Donà, Mauro Zaccarelli, Christof Stingone, Laura Gianserra, Stella Capodieci, Valentina Cafaro, Chiara Fulgenzio, Alessandra Latini and Massimo Giuliani
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(11), 3962; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14113962 - 4 Jun 2025
Viewed by 548
Abstract
Background: Anogenital warts (AGWs) represent the most common clinical manifestation of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The analysis of AGW time trends helps to investigate possible changes over time and monitor the impact of HPV vaccines on HPV-associated morbidity. Methods: AGWs diagnosed [...] Read more.
Background: Anogenital warts (AGWs) represent the most common clinical manifestation of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The analysis of AGW time trends helps to investigate possible changes over time and monitor the impact of HPV vaccines on HPV-associated morbidity. Methods: AGWs diagnosed from 1991 to 2022 at a centre belonging to the Italian STI Surveillance Network were analysed in terms of their numbers and the socio-behavioural characteristics of the patients and then compared over the course of three decades. The time trends, overall and by transmission category, were investigated by joinpoint analysis. Results: In total, 9781 AGWs were diagnosed [61.9% in men who have sex with women (MSW)]. Individuals aged 25–34 years (36.9%), those with one recent partner (52.0%), and those with no previous STIs (87.8%) accounted for the majority of diagnoses. The HIV prevalence among individuals tested for HIV was 136/3098 (4.4%, 95% CI: 3.7–5.2). AGW diagnoses showed a mild decrease from 1991 to 2004, followed by a significant increase up to 2013 (the highest peak over the entire study period) and a significant decline thereafter, until the most recent years. During 2011–2022, diagnoses in women who have sex with men (WSM) decreased for those aged up to 24 years—the age class that could potentially have included women vaccinated against HPV. Conclusions: AGWs have declined in recent years. The decrease in the proportion of diagnoses in young WSM may reflect the female immunisation campaign in Italy. Nonetheless, there is still a need to promote vaccine uptake to reduce the AGW burden. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2165 KiB  
Review
No Increased Risk of Autoimmune Diseases Following HPV Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Filippo Alberto Ferrari, Enrico Ciminello, Marcello Ceccaroni, Matteo Pavone, Violante Di Donato, Giorgia Perniola, Pierluigi Benedetti Panici, Ludovico Muzii, Andrea Giannini, Giuseppe Vizzielli, Giorgio Bogani and Giusi Santangelo
Vaccines 2025, 13(4), 391; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13040391 - 7 Apr 2025
Viewed by 2183
Abstract
Background: HPV vaccination reduces the risk of anogenital warts, high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+), and cervical cancer. To enhance immunogenicity, HPV vaccines include adjuvants such as toll-like receptor agonists, which may theoretically trigger autoimmune responses. However, existing data on this risk remain conflicting. [...] Read more.
Background: HPV vaccination reduces the risk of anogenital warts, high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+), and cervical cancer. To enhance immunogenicity, HPV vaccines include adjuvants such as toll-like receptor agonists, which may theoretically trigger autoimmune responses. However, existing data on this risk remain conflicting. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess the association between HPV vaccination and autoimmune disease onset in post-licensure controlled studies. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library from inception to June 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024606834). Results: A total of 356 studies were identified, including cross-reference reviews. Fourteen met inclusion criteria for qualitative and quantitative analysis, encompassing 8,088,838 patients, of whom 2,041,865 received the HPV vaccine. Conclusions: This meta-analysis found no significant association between HPV vaccination and autoimmune disease development. However, further large-scale observational studies are needed, particularly among male recipients, as current evidence is predominantly based on female populations. Future research should also evaluate risks for specific autoimmune disorders to refine the vaccine’s safety profile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Vaccine Design)
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2539 KiB  
Review
HPV Infection in Children and Adolescents—A Comprehensive Review
by Paulina Tomecka, Anna Karwowska, Jacek Kuźnicki, Katarzyna Skinderowicz, Aleksandra Wojno, Kornelia Markut, Paulina Typek, Urszula Ciesielska, Julita Kulbacka and Małgorzata Drąg-Zalesińska
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(7), 2425; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14072425 - 2 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3583
Abstract
Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a predominant and clinically significant virus affecting individuals of all ages, including children and adolescents. Despite its well-documented role in adult health, particularly in cervical cancer, HPV’s impact on younger populations still remains underexplored. Methods: This review investigates [...] Read more.
Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a predominant and clinically significant virus affecting individuals of all ages, including children and adolescents. Despite its well-documented role in adult health, particularly in cervical cancer, HPV’s impact on younger populations still remains underexplored. Methods: This review investigates the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, transmission pathways, and historical context of HPV in children and adolescents. Results: The study demonstrates a significant prevalence of HPV DNA within paediatric populations, with diverse clinical manifestations such as verruca vulgaris, anogenital warts, and Juvenile Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis, alongside substantiating vertical transmission from mother to infant. We also highlight ground-breaking research milestones, including improvements in genetic studies, the development of HPV vaccines, and ongoing investigations into infection dynamics, and long-term health outcomes. Conclusions: By synthesising existing knowledge, this review aims to enhance clinical decision-making, improve management strategies, and pave the way for future research in HPV-related paediatric diseases. Full article
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

19 pages, 665 KiB  
Review
Treatment and Prevention of HPV-Associated Skin Tumors by HPV Vaccination
by Thomas Meyer and Eggert Stockfleth
Vaccines 2024, 12(12), 1439; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12121439 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1676
Abstract
HPV-associated dermatological diseases include benign lesions like cutaneous warts and external genital warts. In addition, HPV infection is associated with the development of epithelial skin cancers, in particular cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). In contrast to anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers caused by mucosal [...] Read more.
HPV-associated dermatological diseases include benign lesions like cutaneous warts and external genital warts. In addition, HPV infection is associated with the development of epithelial skin cancers, in particular cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). In contrast to anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers caused by mucosal HPV types of genus alpha papillomavirus, cSCC-associated HPV types belong to the genus beta papillomavirus. Currently available HPV vaccines that target mucosal HPV types associated with anogenital cancer and genital warts are type-specific and provide no cross-protection against beta HPV. When implementing vaccination to beta HPV to prevent skin tumors, it must be considered that acquisition of these HPV types occurs early in childhood and that the risk for cSCC increases with growing age and decreasing immune surveillance. Thus, individuals considered for beta HPV vaccination usually have pre-existing infection and are largely immunocompromised. On the other hand, worldwide increasing incidence rates of epithelial skin cancer reflect an urgent need for skin cancer prevention measures. Based on the pathogenic involvement of beta HPV, vaccination may represent a promising prevention strategy. Indeed, various procedures of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination have been developed, and some of them have shown efficiency in animal models. Thus far, however, none of these vaccine candidates has been approved for application in humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Human Papillomavirus Vaccines)
Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 3340 KiB  
Article
Vaccination with a Human Papillomavirus L2 Multimer Provides Broad Protection against 17 Human Papillomavirus Types in the Mouse Cervicovaginal Challenge Model
by Zhenwei Han, Shen Wang, Ting Mu, Ping Zhao, Lingli Song, Ying Zhang, Jin Zhao, Wen Yin, Yue Wu, Huan Wang, Bo Gong, Min Ji, Richard B. S. Roden, Yanping Yang, Michel Klein and Ke Wu
Vaccines 2024, 12(6), 689; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060689 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 5262
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent cause of mucosal and cutaneous infections and underlying conditions ranging from benign warts to anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers affecting both males and females, notably cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths among [...] Read more.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent cause of mucosal and cutaneous infections and underlying conditions ranging from benign warts to anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers affecting both males and females, notably cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths among women globally and is the most impactful in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the costs of screening and licensed L1-based HPV vaccines pose significant barriers to comprehensive administration. Additionally, the licensed L1-based HPV vaccines fail to protect against all oncogenic HPV types. This study generated three independent lots of an L2-based target antigen (LBTA), which was engineered from conserved linear L2-protective epitopes (aa11–88) from five human alphapapillomavirus genotypes in E. coli under cGMP conditions and adjuvanted with aluminum phosphate. Vaccination of rabbits with LBTA generated high neutralizing antibody titers against all 17 HPV types tested, surpassing the nine types covered by Gardasil®9. Passive transfer of naïve mice with LBTA antiserum revealed its capacity to confer protection against vaginal challenge with all 17 αHPV types tested. LBTA shows stability at room temperature over >1 month. Standard in vitro and in vivo toxicology studies suggest a promising safety profile. These findings suggest LBTA’s promise as a next-generation vaccine with comprehensive coverage aimed at reducing the economic and healthcare burden of cervical and other HPV+ cancers in LMICs, and it has received regulatory approval for a first-in-human clinical study (NCT05672966). Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 4060 KiB  
Article
Cellular Distribution and Ultrastructural Changes in HaCaT Cells, Induced by Podophyllotoxin and Its Novel Fluorescent Derivative, Supported by the Molecular Docking Studies
by Piotr Strus, Karol Sadowski, Julia Kostro, Andrzej Antoni Szczepankiewicz, Hanna Nieznańska, Magdalena Niedzielska, Andrei Zlobin, Pramukti Nawar Ra’idah, Zuzanna Molęda, Joanna Szawkało, Zbigniew Czarnocki, Cezary Wójcik, Łukasz Szeleszczuk and Izabela Młynarczuk-Biały
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(11), 5948; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115948 - 29 May 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2313
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with established antitumor potential. However, due to its systemic toxicity, its use is restricted to topical treatment of anogenital warts. Less toxic PPT derivatives (e.g., etoposide and teniposide) are used intravenously as anticancer agents. PPT [...] Read more.
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with established antitumor potential. However, due to its systemic toxicity, its use is restricted to topical treatment of anogenital warts. Less toxic PPT derivatives (e.g., etoposide and teniposide) are used intravenously as anticancer agents. PPT has been exploited as a scaffold of new potential therapeutic agents; however, fewer studies have been conducted on the parent molecule than on its derivatives. We have undertaken a study of ultrastructural changes induced by PPT on HaCaT keratinocytes. We have also tracked the intracellular localization of PPT using its fluorescent derivative (PPT-FL). Moreover, we performed molecular docking of both PPT and PPT-FL to compare their affinity to various binding sites of tubulin. Using the Presto blue viability assay, we established working concentrations of PPT in HaCaT cells. Subsequently, we have used selected concentrations to determine PPT effects at the ultrastructural level. Dynamics of PPT distribution by confocal microscopy was performed using PPT-FL. Molecular docking calculations were conducted using Glide. PPT induces a time-dependent cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cells. Within 24 h, we observed the elongation of cytoplasmic processes, formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles, progressive ER stress, and shortening of the mitochondrial long axis. After 48 h, we noticed disintegration of the cell membrane, progressive vacuolization, apoptotic/necrotic vesicles, and a change in the cell nucleus’s appearance. PPT-FL was detected within HaCaT cells after ~10 min of incubation and remained within cells in the following measurements. Molecular docking confirmed the formation of a stable complex between tubulin and both PPT and PPT-FL. However, it was formed at different binding sites. PPT is highly toxic to normal human keratinocytes, even at low concentrations. It promptly enters the cells, probably via endocytosis. At lower concentrations, PPT causes disruptions in both ER and mitochondria, while at higher concentrations, it leads to massive vacuolization with subsequent cell death. The novel derivative of PPT, PPT-FL, forms a stable complex with tubulin, and therefore, it is a useful tracker of intracellular PPT binding and trafficking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Natural Products in the Health System)
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1672 KiB  
Systematic Review
Genital Warts in Women Vaccinated against HPV in Childhood: A Systematic Review
by Renata Malheiro, César Magalhães, Cláudia Camila Dias, Acácio Gonçalves Rodrigues and Carmen Lisboa
Vaccines 2024, 12(5), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050548 - 17 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2489
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection among young women. Notably, more than ten years after the introduction of HPV vaccination programs in Europe, it is essential to review the real-world evidence of the incidence of anogenital warts (GWs) among [...] Read more.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection among young women. Notably, more than ten years after the introduction of HPV vaccination programs in Europe, it is essential to review the real-world evidence of the incidence of anogenital warts (GWs) among women vaccinated during childhood. In this systematic review, three databases were searched for studies published between January 2008 and September 2023. Nine cohort studies were included. A total of 890,320 HPV-vaccinated women and 1,922,033 unvaccinated women were evaluated. All the studies but one investigated the 4vHPV vaccine. The incidence rate of GWs in vaccinated women ranged from 0.0 to 1650 per 100,000 person-years. The highest incidence rates were found in women vaccinated with one dose at the age of 17–19 years old and in fully vaccinated women only after 19 years of age. Similar incidence values were reported among unvaccinated women. The incidence of GWs was lower when the age at first dose was 9–11 years old. This systematic review reveals that the incidence of GWs among HPV-vaccinated women is related to the age of vaccination and the number of vaccine doses received. In the post-vaccination era, epidemiological surveillance of the incidence of GWs and their genotypes is crucial. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Human Papillomavirus Vaccines)
Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 726 KiB  
Article
Sustained Decline in Hospitalisations for Anogenital Warts in Australia: Analysis of National Hospital Morbidity Data 2003–2020
by Harunor Rashid, Aditi Dey, Han Wang and Frank Beard
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9(4), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9040079 - 8 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2058
Abstract
In Australia, school-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was introduced initially for girls in 2007, and then also for boys in 2013. While studies have shown declines in the incidence of anogenital warts, there is a paucity of recent data analysis assessing the impact [...] Read more.
In Australia, school-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was introduced initially for girls in 2007, and then also for boys in 2013. While studies have shown declines in the incidence of anogenital warts, there is a paucity of recent data analysis assessing the impact of vaccination on more severe disease. The National Hospital Morbidity Database of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) hospitalisation admission data that included ICD-10-AM code A63.0 (‘anogenital warts’) as the diagnoses, for the years 2003–2020, were analysed to estimate hospitalisation rates per 100,000 mid-year population. The annual average hospitalisation rates per 100,000 population for anogenital warts in both genders combined in the age groups 10–19 years, 20–29 years, and 30–39 years decreased, respectively, from 16.9, 49.6, and 23.6 in 2003–2007 (pre-vaccine period) to 2.6, 15.2, and 14.6 in 2008–2020 (post-vaccine period), equating to declines of 84.7%, 69.4%, and 38.2%, respectively. Following the introduction of the boy’s vaccination, hospitalisation rates decreased further in the respective age bands from 4.3, 22.8, and 18.4 in 2008–2013 (early post-vaccine period) to 1.1, 9.3, and 11.7 in 2014–2020 (late post-vaccine period), equating to respective declines of 73.4%, 59.3%, and 36.4%. This analysis confirms that there is a substantial incremental decline in anogenital warts hospitalisations among Australians aged 10–39 years. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 937 KiB  
Article
Prospective Longitudinal Study of Dynamics of Human Papillomavirus 6 and 11 Infection in Anogenital Hairs and Eyebrows of Male Patients with Anogenital Warts and Age-Matched Controls
by Vesna Tlaker, Lea Hošnjak, Mateja Kolenc, Tomaž Mark Zorec, Boštjan Luzar, Marko Potočnik, Jovan Miljković, Katja Seme and Mario Poljak
Microorganisms 2024, 12(3), 466; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12030466 - 25 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1706
Abstract
To better understand the natural history of anogenital warts (AGWs) and the dynamics of HPV6/11 infection in regional hairs, 32 newly diagnosed male patients with AGWs and 32 age-matched healthy controls were closely followed. During enrollment and six follow-up visits (every 2.6 months), [...] Read more.
To better understand the natural history of anogenital warts (AGWs) and the dynamics of HPV6/11 infection in regional hairs, 32 newly diagnosed male patients with AGWs and 32 age-matched healthy controls were closely followed. During enrollment and six follow-up visits (every 2.6 months), 43 AGW tissues and 1232 anogenital and eyebrow hair samples were collected. This is the closest longitudinal monitoring of AGW patients to date. Patients were treated according to standards of care. The HPV6/11 prevalence was 19.9% in the patients’ hair samples (HPV6 B1 in 53.1%) and 0% in the controls. The highest HPV6/11 prevalence was found in pubic hairs (29.0%) and the lowest in eyebrows (7.1%). The odds of having HPV6/11-positive hairs increased with smoking, shaving the anogenital region, and age. A close association between HPV6/11 presence in hairs and clinically visible AGWs was observed. The proportion of patients with visible AGWs and HPV6/11-positive hairs declined during follow-up with similar trends. No particular HPV6/11 variant was linked with an increased AGW recurrence, but the sublineage HPV6 B1 showed significantly higher clearance from hairs. Despite treatment, 78.1% and 62.5% of the AGW patients experienced one and two or more post-initial AGW episodes, respectively. The patients with HPV6/11-positive hairs or visible AGWs at a preceding visit demonstrated substantially higher odds of presenting with visible AGWs at a subsequent visit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Medical Microbiology)
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 432 KiB  
Article
Risk Factors for the Anal and Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections among Women with Severe Cervical Lesions: A Prospective Case—Control Study
by Monika Nipčová Džundová, Borek Sehnal, Michal Zikán, Roman Kocián, Olga Dubová, Petr Hubka, Lukáš Dostálek, Pavel Kabele, Tomáš Brtnický and Jiri Slama
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3183; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123183 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2463
Abstract
The carcinogenicity of HPV infection in the anogenital and oropharyngeal regions is broadly accepted. The aim of the study was to define risk factors for anal and oral HPV infections in high-risk patients with biopsy-proven severe cervical lesions (CIN2+). Altogether immunocompetent 473 females [...] Read more.
The carcinogenicity of HPV infection in the anogenital and oropharyngeal regions is broadly accepted. The aim of the study was to define risk factors for anal and oral HPV infections in high-risk patients with biopsy-proven severe cervical lesions (CIN2+). Altogether immunocompetent 473 females with CIN2+ were categorized into the study group and another 245 women into the control group. The strongest risk factor for anal HPV infection was the presence of cervical HPV infection (p < 0.001). Furthermore, ten or more lifetime sexual partners (p = 0.013), a sexual non-coital contact with the anal area (p < 0.001), and actively practicing anal-penetrative intercourse (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with anal HPV. A history of genital warts in the woman (p = 0.010) and the presence of genital warts in the male partner (p = 0.029) were found statistically significant for the risk of oral HPV infection. Our data suggest that the presence of HPV infection, especially high-risk genotypes, in one anatomical site poses the greatest risk for HPV infection in another anatomical site. The cervix is the main reservoir of infection, but the risk factors for anal and oral HPV infections are dissimilar according to different anatomical distances and more complex routes of transmission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Perspectives on Human Papillomavirus (HPV))
Show Figures

Chart 1

9 pages, 253 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of Human Papillomavirus Vaccines for Recalcitrant Anogenital and Oral Warts
by Giulia Ciccarese, Astrid Herzum, Gaetano Serviddio, Corrado Occella, Aurora Parodi and Francesco Drago
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(23), 7317; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12237317 - 26 Nov 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2460
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are preventive measures to decrease HPV infection rates. Knowledge of their efficacy as treatment options for anogenital warts (AGWs) and oral warts (OWs) is limited. To evaluate the efficacy of HPV vaccinations in recalcitrant AGWs and OWs (lesions persisting [...] Read more.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are preventive measures to decrease HPV infection rates. Knowledge of their efficacy as treatment options for anogenital warts (AGWs) and oral warts (OWs) is limited. To evaluate the efficacy of HPV vaccinations in recalcitrant AGWs and OWs (lesions persisting more than 6 months despite conventional treatments), we compared a group of patients treated with standard therapies plus an HPV vaccine with a group of patients treated with standard therapies only. The response to treatment (in terms of the number of lesions) in the two groups was compared. Data were analyzed with the χ2 test and p values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The study included 14 patients (group A = cases) who received 3 doses of an intramuscular HPV vaccine (Gardasil 4 or Gardasil 9) in addition to the standard treatments for AGWs and OWs, and 15 age- and sex-matched patients (group B = controls) with an analogous number of lesions to group A who received only standard therapies. After 12 months, 85% of patients of group A versus 33% of group B had positive clinical outcomes (0.004). Our findings suggest a possible therapeutic role of HPV vaccines in addition to standard treatments for AGWs/OWs. Preventive vaccines, blocking the viral entry through the induction of L1-specific antibodies, can prevent autologous reinfections (through auto-inoculation) and favor the elimination of the virus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology & Public Health)
13 pages, 934 KiB  
Systematic Review
Malignancy Associated with Low-Risk HPV6 and HPV11: A Systematic Review and Implications for Cancer Prevention
by Leandro Lima da Silva, Amanda Mara Teles, Joana M. O. Santos, Marcelo Souza de Andrade, Rui Medeiros, Ana I. Faustino-Rocha, Paula A. Oliveira, Ana Paula Azevedo dos Santos, Fernanda Ferreira Lopes, Geraldo Braz, Haissa O. Brito and Rui M. Gil da Costa
Cancers 2023, 15(16), 4068; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15164068 - 11 Aug 2023
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4347
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is etiologically related to cervical cancer, other anogenital cancers and oropharyngeal carcinomas. Low-risk HPV, especially HPV6 and HPV11, cause genital warts and laryngeal papillomas. However, the accumulating data suggests that HPV6 and HPV11 may cause malignant lesions at non-cervical [...] Read more.
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is etiologically related to cervical cancer, other anogenital cancers and oropharyngeal carcinomas. Low-risk HPV, especially HPV6 and HPV11, cause genital warts and laryngeal papillomas. However, the accumulating data suggests that HPV6 and HPV11 may cause malignant lesions at non-cervical anatomic sites. This review aims to estimate the proportions of single and dual HPV6/11 infections in multiple cancers reported in the last 10 years in the Cochrane, Embasa and PubMed databases. Secondly, the genomes of HPV6/11 were compared with the most common high-risk genotype, HPV16, to determine the similarities and differences. A total of 11 articles were selected, including between one and 334 HPV+ cancer patients. The frequencies of single or dual HPV6/11 infections ranged between 0–5.5% for penile and 0–87.5% for laryngeal cancers and were null for vulvar, vaginal and oral cancers. The genomic similarities between HPV6/11 and HPV16 mainly involved the E7 gene, indicating a limited ability to block cell differentiation. The presence of single or dual HPV6/11 infections in variable proportions of penile and laryngeal cancers support the vaccination strategies that cover these genotypes, not only for preventing genital warts but also for cancer prevention. Other risk factors and co-carcinogens are likely to participate in epithelial carcinogenesis associated with low-risk HPV. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 827 KiB  
Review
Treatment of Pediatric Anogenital Warts in the Era of HPV-Vaccine: A Literature Review
by Astrid Herzum, Giulia Ciccarese, Corrado Occella, Lodovica Gariazzo, Carlotta Pastorino, Ilaria Trave and Gianmaria Viglizzo
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(13), 4230; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134230 - 23 Jun 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4511
Abstract
Anogenital warts (AWs) represent a therapeutic challenge, especially in infants, due to sensitive skin and frequent disease recurrence. Though the initial wait-and-see approach is often adopted in asymptomatic immunocompetent children, with spontaneous clearing in almost 90% of cases within two years, persistent or [...] Read more.
Anogenital warts (AWs) represent a therapeutic challenge, especially in infants, due to sensitive skin and frequent disease recurrence. Though the initial wait-and-see approach is often adopted in asymptomatic immunocompetent children, with spontaneous clearing in almost 90% of cases within two years, persistent or symptomatic lesions can be reasonably treated. However, few studies have been conducted on children. Consequently, most treatments on patients under age 12 are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Herein, we review possible therapies for pediatric use in AW and report an illustrative case of a two-year-old boy with atopic skin and symptomatic, persistent AWs who was successfully treated with topical podophyllotoxin, without adverse effects or recurrence. Among available therapies for AWs, topical therapies, such as immunomodulating-agents (topical imiquimod 5% and 3.75% cream, sinecatechins 15% ointment) and cytotoxic agents (podophyllotoxin and cidofovir) are considered manageable in children because of their low aggressiveness. In particular, podofillotoxin gel 5% and imiquimod 5% cream have been reported to be safe and efficacious in children. Currently, HPV vaccination is not recommended as a treatment for established HPV infection and AWs, yet a possible therapeutic role of HPV vaccination was recently suggested in the literature and deserves mention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) Infection: How to Treat and Prevent?)
Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1121 KiB  
Brief Report
The Burden of HPV-Related Hospitalizations: Analysis of Hospital Discharge Records from the Years 2015–2021 from a Southern Italian Region
by Giuseppe Di Martino, Fabrizio Cedrone, Pamela Di Giovanni, Livia Tognaccini, Edoardo Trebbi, Ferdinando Romano and Tommaso Staniscia
Pathogens 2023, 12(5), 725; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050725 - 17 May 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2105
Abstract
(1) Background: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common agent related to sexually transmitted infections in the general population. Its genotypes are classified into two main classes, high-risk genotypes and low-risk genotypes, according to their capacity to induce cancers. The low-risk class [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common agent related to sexually transmitted infections in the general population. Its genotypes are classified into two main classes, high-risk genotypes and low-risk genotypes, according to their capacity to induce cancers. The low-risk class (types 6 and 11) is associated with anogenital and genital lesions. The high-risk class is responsible for up to 4.5% of all new cancer cases yearly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of HPV-related hospitalizations and its trend in a southern Italian region for the years 2015–2021. (2) Methods: This was a retrospective study performed in the Abruzzo region, Italy. All admissions for the period 2015–2021 were extracted from the hospital discharge record (HDR). (3) Results: During the study period (2015–2021), a total of 5492 hospitalizations attributable to HPV infection occurred in the Abruzzo region, Italy. A significant number of admissions were related to cervical cancer (3386 cases) and genital warts (638 cases). The trend declined for all diagnoses except for penile cancer admissions. Considering the first year of the pandemic (year 2020), a decrease in the standardized incidence of the majority of the diseases considered was reported, particularly among cases of cervical cancer. (4) Conclusions: HPV-related hospitalizations decreased in Abruzzo during study period. These results could be useful to LHAs and policy-makers in improving vaccination coverage and screening adherence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop