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Keywords = adult astrogliogenesis

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21 pages, 1060 KB  
Review
Sex Differences in Depression: Adult Cytogenesis as Potential Target for Precision Psychiatry
by Leandro Rodrigues-Freitas, Luísa Pinto and Teresa Canedo
Cells 2026, 15(12), 1059; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15121059 - 10 Jun 2026
Viewed by 8984
Abstract
Sex differences are increasingly recognized as key determinants of vulnerability, clinical presentation, and treatment response in depression. Rather than arising from a single mechanism, these differences emerge from the interplay of multiple biological and non-biological factors. Converging evidence points to the hippocampus as [...] Read more.
Sex differences are increasingly recognized as key determinants of vulnerability, clinical presentation, and treatment response in depression. Rather than arising from a single mechanism, these differences emerge from the interplay of multiple biological and non-biological factors. Converging evidence points to the hippocampus as a central region where these processes intersect, with adult neurogenesis and astrogliogenesis representing a potential mechanistic link between sex-specific biological factors and behavioral outcomes in depression. In this review, we integrate findings from human studies and preclinical models to examine how sex impacts depression while considering the multiple origins of sexual differentiation in the central nervous system. We discuss the importance of studying sex as a biological variable and acknowledge current limitations in the field. Finally, we highlight how cytogenic processes in the adult hippocampus are modulated in a sex-dependent manner, how their disruption may contribute to the pathophysiology of depression, and their potential role in precision psychiatry. Adult cytogenesis provides a promising target for developing therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting the integration of these cells in neural circuits, which may counterbalance the cellular impairments observed in stress-induced depression, representing a therapeutic avenue for this disorder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell and Molecular Mechanisms of Cytogenesis)
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18 pages, 2646 KB  
Article
Beyond New Neurons in the Adult Hippocampus: Imipramine Acts as a Pro-Astrogliogenic Factor and Rescues Cognitive Impairments Induced by Stress Exposure
by Ana R. Machado-Santos, Eduardo Loureiro-Campos, Patrícia Patrício, Bruna Araújo, Nuno Dinis Alves, António Mateus-Pinheiro, Joana Sofia Correia, Mónica Morais, João M. Bessa, Nuno Sousa, Ana J. Rodrigues, João Filipe Oliveira and Luísa Pinto
Cells 2022, 11(3), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11030390 - 24 Jan 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5405
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent, socially burdensome disease. Different studies have demonstrated the important role of astrocytes in the pathophysiology of depression as modulators of neurotransmission and neurovascular coupling. This is evidenced by astrocyte impairments observed in brains of depressed patients and the appearance [...] Read more.
Depression is a prevalent, socially burdensome disease. Different studies have demonstrated the important role of astrocytes in the pathophysiology of depression as modulators of neurotransmission and neurovascular coupling. This is evidenced by astrocyte impairments observed in brains of depressed patients and the appearance of depressive-like behaviors upon astrocytic dysfunctions in animal models. However, little is known about the importance of de novo generated astrocytes in the mammalian brain and in particular its possible involvement in the precipitation of depression and in the therapeutic actions of current antidepressants (ADs). Therefore, we studied the modulation of astrocytes and adult astrogliogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of rats exposed to an unpredictable chronic mild stress (uCMS) protocol, untreated and treated for two weeks with antidepressants—fluoxetine and imipramine. Our results show that adult astrogliogenesis in the DG is modulated by stress and imipramine. This study reveals that distinct classes of ADs impact differently in the astrogliogenic process, showing different cellular mechanisms relevant to the recovery from behavioral deficits induced by chronic stress exposure. As such, in addition to those resident, the newborn astrocytes in the hippocampal DG might also be promising therapeutic targets for future therapies in the neuropsychiatric field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Neurogenesis)
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