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Search Results (3)

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Keywords = Weimar Republic

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25 pages, 25644 KiB  
Article
Learning from the Past: Urban Landscape Transformation Praxis on the Example of Interwar German Housing Estates
by Aleksandra Gierko
Buildings 2024, 14(4), 900; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14040900 - 26 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1420
Abstract
In this paper, the incorporation of formerly existing built environment and natural elements was studied in eight housing estates from the interwar period in the Weimar Republic as a part of broader research on landscape transformations. The data on the original state of [...] Read more.
In this paper, the incorporation of formerly existing built environment and natural elements was studied in eight housing estates from the interwar period in the Weimar Republic as a part of broader research on landscape transformations. The data on the original state of land development were collected using the comparative cartographic analysis method. The analysis was supplemented by a comparison with iconography, such as aerial photographs, orthoimagery, and, in some cases, manually drafted plans. The results suggest that pre-existing conditions significantly influenced the functional dispositions and urban layout of the estates. These findings add to our understanding of the development of housing estates of the interwar period in the Weimar Republic and the posture of designers and urban planners towards the natural conditions of the respective project sites. This work can be valuable for adding to existing guidelines or principles of urban planning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New European Bauhaus (NEB) in Architecture, Construction and Urbanism)
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23 pages, 8256 KiB  
Article
The Greenery of Early Modernist Housing Estates: The 1919–1927 Wałbrzych Agglomeration
by Bogna Ludwig
Sustainability 2021, 13(7), 3921; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073921 - 1 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3760
Abstract
Using the Wałbrzych agglomeration housing estates—once the most important mining and industrial region in Lower Silesia—as an example, this article illustrates the specific significance of the design of green spaces, including urban layouts, and the issue of protecting unique trees and green spaces [...] Read more.
Using the Wałbrzych agglomeration housing estates—once the most important mining and industrial region in Lower Silesia—as an example, this article illustrates the specific significance of the design of green spaces, including urban layouts, and the issue of protecting unique trees and green spaces in the concepts of estates from the early modernism period after the First World War in the years 1919–1927. This article tries to deepen the knowledge on the origins of the design solutions of public and private greenery systems while considering natural, landscape, and social needs. This study complements the information gathered so far in the field of forming green areas in modernist housing estates and highlights the importance of this issue in complex urban design. The Wałbrzych housing settlements are crucial because they were among the first of their kind, not only in Lower Silesia but also in the whole of the Weimar Republic. Based on literature and source studies, it was possible to reconstruct design ideas concerning the composition of green areas in most housing estates in the discussed area. The most interesting ones were presented and broken down into the landscape-related and functional aspects of the use of greenery in housing estates. This made it possible to select specific solutions applied by designers in order to indicate sources of inspiration and theoretically developed rules which then and now seem to be extremely adequate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Environment and Cultural Heritage in the City, A Sustainability Perspective)
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29 pages, 37692 KiB  
Article
The Construction Kit and the Assembly Line—Walter Gropius’ Concepts for Rationalizing Architecture
by Atli Magnus Seelow
Arts 2018, 7(4), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/arts7040095 - 29 Nov 2018
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 28139
Abstract
With the breakthrough of modernism, various efforts were undertaken to rationalize architecture and building processes using industrial principles. Few architects explored these as intensively as Walter Gropius, the founder of the Bauhaus. Before World War One, and increasingly in the interwar years, Gropius [...] Read more.
With the breakthrough of modernism, various efforts were undertaken to rationalize architecture and building processes using industrial principles. Few architects explored these as intensively as Walter Gropius, the founder of the Bauhaus. Before World War One, and increasingly in the interwar years, Gropius and a number of colleagues undertook various experiments that manifested in a series of projects, essays, model houses and Siedlungen. These were aimed at conceptually different goals, i.e., they followed two different categories of industrial logic: First, a flexible construction kit and, second, an assembly line serial production. This article traces the genesis of these two concepts and analyses their characteristics using these early manifestations. Compared to existing literature, this article takes into account hitherto neglected primary sources, as well as technological and construction history aspects, allowing for a distinction based not only on theoretical, but also technological and structural characteristics. This article shows that Gropius succeeds in formulating and exploring the two principles, in theory and practice, as well as drawing conclusions by the end of the 1920s. With them, he contributed significantly to the rationalization of architecture, and his principles have been picked up and developed further by numerous architects since then. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological Progress as a Basis for Modern Architecture)
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