Search Results (11,551)

Creative expression is no longer separate from monetization. It is increasingly structured by the business models that platforms provide. Content monetization has evolved rapidly: early models focused on advertising revenue, followed by brand partnerships, and most recently, the integration of commerce-oriented features at the platform level. YouTube, for example, launched its YouTube Shopping service in South Korea in June 2024, enabling creators to sell products directly through their content. This development demonstrates that commerciality has become intrinsic to the creator economy. While prior research has emphasized factors such as authenticity, less focus has been placed on commerciality itself. This study addresses this gap by analyzing how varying levels of content commerciality affect performance, using real-world data from a Korean YouTube beauty creator agency (N = 286 short-form videos). The analysis tests the effects of three revenue models (organic, sponsored, and content-driven commerce) and two content types (context-focused and product-focused) through multiple regression. Results reveal a trade-off between engagement and revenue, as while content-driven commerce generates significantly higher engagement than sponsored content, it yields lower immediate revenue. Regarding content strategy, contrary to expectations, product-focused content consistently outperforms context-focused content in driving engagement, except within sponsored videos where a context-focused approach effectively mitigates the negative impact of overt commercial intent. These findings demonstrate the divergent efficacy of monetization models and content strategies in the short-form ecosystem. By empirically validating the relationship between commerciality and performance, this study advances theoretical discussions on the platform-driven creator economy and offers practical insights for creators, brands, and platforms navigating this evolving environment. Full article

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, plays a pivotal role in forming blood vessels, cartilage, muscles, and collagen in bones. We report a 6-year-old non-verbal female with global developmental delay who presented with complaints of lower limb pain and inability to bear weight. Symptoms started five weeks prior to presentation and had progressed from decreased activity to complete loss of weight-bearing. Physical examination showed gingival hyperplasia, perifollicular petechiae, lower limb edema, and corkscrew hair. Initial radiologic findings raised concerns of osteomyelitis, showing bone marrow edema, periosteal reaction, and cortical irregularity. However, correlation with dietary history limited to flavored milk and yogurt and lacking fruits and vegetables, in conjunction with clinical presentation, suggested vitamin C deficiency, and she was started on ascorbic acid. Vitamin C deficiency was later confirmed on day 7 by a low C deficiency level (<0.1 mg/dL). Treatment with ascorbic acid, multivitamins, and supportive therapy led to gradual recovery, and gastrostomy tube placement facilitated supplementation. This case highlights the importance of detailed dietary history and recognition of clinical signs of vitamin C deficiency. Early dietary assessment and clinical correlation can prevent unnecessary invasive procedures and prolonged antibiotic therapy. Early identification enables timely intervention, reducing morbidity and improving quality of life. Full article

Buckling of variable-diameter tubing strings in ultra-high-temperature and high-pressure (UHTHP) deviated wells presents challenges that cannot be addressed by existing uniform-tubing models. This study develops a segmented Euler–Bernoulli buckling model that accounts for stiffness discontinuities at diameter transitions, temperature–pressure-coupled effective axial force, and wellbore-constraint effects. The model is developed for packer-constrained variable-diameter production tubing under UHTHP gas-production conditions. A global transfer matrix formulation is introduced to derive buckling characteristic conditions and critical loads. Results show that reduced stiffness at diameter transitions facilitates localized buckling and promotes the shift from sinusoidal to helical modes as the effective axial force increases. Variations in tubing or casing inner diameter significantly alter buckling-zone lengths and induce abrupt changes in dogleg severity. The proposed model provides a practical analytical framework for predicting the buckling behavior of variable-diameter tubing strings in UHTHP wells and offers guidance for tubing design and well integrity assessment. Full article

Background/Objectives: Primary acquired lacrimal drainage obstruction (PALDO) is a common cause of epiphora. Although dacryoendoscopic recanalization (DER) is widely performed, its long-term success is limited by restenosis related to fibro-inflammatory processes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel Q-needle for targeted intraductal delivery of antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory agents during DER. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 190 eyes treated with DER, silicone tube intubation (SI), and retrograde intraductal injection via the inferior meatus using a Q-needle. A mixture of dexamethasone (1 mL), 5-fluorouracil (1 mL), and triamcinolone acetonide (1 mL) was administered directly into the obstruction site under endoscopic visualization. Obstruction type was classified intraoperatively as secretory or structural based on dacryoendoscopic findings. Results: The overall surgical success rate was 92.1%, with significantly greater success in secretory-type PALDO compared to the structural type (96.8% vs. 87.4%, p = 0.031). These outcomes contrast with previous reports in which secretory-type PALDO was associated with poorer prognosis after DER. Conclusions: The improved outcomes in the secretory group suggest a potential role of combined antiproliferative and multi-phase anti-inflammatory therapy in effectively addressing the key mechanisms of restenosis. Q-needle–assisted intraductal injection during DER may represent a simple and safe adjunctive approach to improve surgical consistency and long-term patency in patients with PALDO. Full article

Automated detection of suspicious human activities in complex and crowded environments remains a critical challenge in modern surveillance systems due to high false-positive rates, poor contrast and generalization across diverse scenes. We propose a GM_CNN3D Model for the classification of suspicious activity based on a Deep Fused Feature Block (DFFB) framework that integrates handcrafted spatial descriptors (PCA-HOG and Motion-HOG) with deep spatiotemporal features extracted from 3D Convolution Neural Network (3D-CNN). Motion regions are first localized using a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), after which handcrafted and deep features are concatenated in a dimensionality-normalized fusion stage, followed by a fully connected layer and softmax classification. The system is evaluated on five diverse and publicly available datasets: Violent Crowd, Hockey Fight, Kaggle Fight, Movies Fight, and Custom Annotated YouTube Clips, achieving up to 99.12% accuracy, 98.7% F1-score, and a ROC-AUC of 0.992, outperforming state-of-the-art CNN, LSTM, and SlowFast models. All datasets include real world scenarios with varying lighting, crowd density, and camera viewpoints, with annotations created manually where unavailable. The proposed method demonstrates robust cross-scene performance, enabling automated alarming and reduced false positives in real-time security operations. Full article

Enteral feeds can be classified as two major types: commercial enteral formulas and blenderized enteral feeds. When deciding the most appropriate type of feed for a patient, several parameters need to be taken into consideration. Benefits associated with the use of blenderized tube feeds include giving a sense of normalcy to patients, having a positive impact on anthropometric indices, allowing for careful control over known food allergens, being associated with improved gastrointestinal tolerance and improved gut microbial composition (mainly in pediatric populations) and being generally less costly compared with commercial formulas. On the other hand, commercial enteral formulas have the advantages of being generally sterile, less likely to cause tube clogging and having a known and consistent nutrition composition. Further studies, specifically well-designed randomized controlled trials including adult populations, that will emphasize the impact of blenderized enteral feeds on various clinical outcomes are warranted. Clinicians need to be conscientious and educated regarding safe food practices for blended food preparation, as well as the characteristics of commercial formula options available to help assist patients in selecting the proper feed for their nutritional needs and clinical condition. Full article

Background/Objectives: We aim to evaluate whether digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM)-level deep learning-based iodine-boosting applied to dual-source dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) source DICOM improves image quality in low-iodine-dose abdominal DECT in adults undergoing post-procedure follow-up computed tomography (CT). Methods: This retrospective study included 43 adults (April–September 2025) who underwent dynamic dual-source DECT using a low-iodine protocol. Three CT reconstructions were compared: mixed images, conventional 50-keV virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs), and 50-keV VMIs generated after applying DICOM-based deep learning iodine-boosting/denoising to the tube-specific dual-energy source DICOM series prior to VMI/iodine-map reconstruction (deep learning-based reconstruction [DLR]-VMI). Iodine material density (IMD) images were compared between the conventional and DLR-processed datasets. Quantitative attenuation and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were assessed using paired and repeated-measures tests. Image quality was scored by two readers using a five-point Likert scale. Results: Attenuation varied across CT reconstructions for all regions of interest in both phases (all overall p < 0.001). Liver attenuation increased from 94.9 ± 22.0 Hounsfield units (HU) (VMI) to 114.5 ± 34.6 HU (DLR-VMI) during the arterial phase and from 127.6 ± 25.6 HU to 166.6 ± 39.9 HU during the portal venous phase (both p < 0.001). Liver SNR improved with DLR-VMI compared to VMI (arterial: 9.11 ± 3.62 vs. 6.06 ± 1.90; portal: 12.74 ± 3.56 vs. 7.90 ± 1.82; both p < 0.001). On IMD images, DLR increased HU-equivalent values and liver SNR (arterial: 5.20 ± 2.89 vs. 2.61 ± 1.39; portal: 9.22 ± 2.81 vs. 4.48 ± 1.28; both p < 0.001). Qualitatively, DLR-VMI yielded the highest overall image-quality scores for both reviewers in both phases (Reviewer 1, arterial/portal: 4 (4–5)/5 (4–5); Reviewer 2, arterial/portal: 4 (3–4)/4 (4–4)). DLR also improved the overall image quality of IMD images for both reviewers (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: Raw DICOM-level iodine-boosting DLR applied to dual-source DECT-source DICOM enabled enhanced image quality and improved quantitative and qualitative metrics in low-iodine-dose abdominal DECT. Full article

Recently, CuBa₂Ca₃Cu₄O_10+δ (Cu1234) has garnered significant interest owing to its distinctive triple-high superconducting properties (118K high T_c, combined with high J_c and high H_irr at liquid nitrogen temperature at ambient pressure) and potential for practical applications. The Cu1234 is initially synthesized at high pressures and is stable at a room temperature range but tends to decompose upon heating above 300 °C at ambient. In this study, we investigate the thermal stability of Cu1234 through annealing at various temperatures and oxygen pressures. It is found that Cu1234 starts to decompose at approximately 350 °C, 550 °C, and 600 °C when annealed at 1 bar, 100 bar, and 150 bar oxygen pressure, respectively. Prior to decomposition, however, the superconducting properties remain largely unchanged. The decrease in oxygen occupancy within the BaO layer of the BaCuO_3−δ charge reservoir block is proposed to be the primary cause of the structural instability of Cu1234, while higher oxygen pressures retard oxygen loss from this block. Our result suggests that the decomposition temperature of Cu1234 will further increase with higher oxygen pressure, e.g., possibly to 800 °C at 260 bar if a linear extrapolation is adopted. This study offers important insights for fabricating Cu1234 tapes via the powder-in-tube method. Full article

A corrosion device was established to simulate the service environment of stainless steel heat exchanger tubes in a gas water heater. The pitting corrosion behaviors on the inner walls of 444, 445 and 316L stainless steel tubes were investigated in a tap water solution at 60 °C under different heating temperatures from 600 to 800 °C for 500 h by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The increase in heating temperature significantly promotes the thickening of scale layers and the formation and growth of corrosion pits on the inner surfaces of the three stainless steel tubes. Under different heating temperature conditions, the maximum and average depths of corrosion pits decrease sequentially from 444 to 445 and then to 316L stainless steel. The scales have similar compositions for the three steel tubes, but the scale thickness is thinner on 316L stainless steel than on the other two steels. In addition, the double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) test indicates that there is almost no sensitization for the outer walls of the three stainless steel tubes after being heated at 800 °C. Full article

This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of emodin (EMO) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to verify whether its underlying mechanism involves the blockade of pathological angiogenesis via the inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling axis. Bovine type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse models and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated EA.hy926 endothelial cells were utilized in this study. The effects of EMO on joint pathological alterations, the expression of NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF axis proteins, inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)), and angiogenic capacity were assessed using histopathological analysis, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence, and tube formation assays. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference targeting key molecules was employed to validate the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of EMO. In the CIA model group, the ankle joints of mice exhibited pronounced inflammatory infiltration, synovial hyperplasia, and bone destruction. Compared with the model group, both the EMO and methotrexate (MTX) treatment groups demonstrated attenuated synovial hyperplasia and cartilage destruction, along with significantly downregulated expression levels of key NF-κB pathway proteins, HIF-1α, and VEGF in joint tissues (p < 0.001). In vitro experiments revealed that EMO treatment significantly reduced the LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) (p < 0.001), and decreased both the number and total length of tubular structures formed by endothelial cells compared to the control (p < 0.001). Notably, siRNA-mediated knockdown of p65 resulted in decreased intracellular protein levels of HIF-1α and VEGF, accompanied by a significant reduction in tube formation (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that EMO alleviates pathological damage in RA by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which subsequently downregulates pathological angiogenesis and inflammatory responses mediated by the HIF-1α/VEGF axis. These findings provide a robust experimental basis for the potential application of EMO as a therapeutic agent for RA. Full article

Decarbonizing downstream steel logistics remains underexplored in sustainable supply chain management. This study proposes a machine learning-enhanced tri-objective optimization framework for the ship stowage planning problem (SSPP). The framework handles heterogeneous finished steel products, including coils, plates, ingots, tubes, and sections. The model simultaneously maximizes deadweight utilization and minimizes a novel Adaptive Weighted Moment Balance (AWMB) index. It also minimizes voyage carbon emissions through a trim-and-heel resistance penalty. A spatial-to-sequential discretization strategy transforms the NP-hard placement problem into a tractable permutation optimization. A deep neural network (DNN) surrogate achieves a 3.57-fold speedup with only 1.52% hypervolume degradation. An improved NSGA-III algorithm with adaptive operators ensures Pareto front exploration. Embedded step-wise moment verification guarantees dynamic stability throughout loading and unloading. Validated on real data from a Chinese steel enterprise, the framework achieves 99.88% deadweight utilization, reduces transverse and longitudinal imbalance by 48.27% and 90.54%, and cuts CO₂ emissions by 95.5% per voyage. SOLAS constraints, load line limits, and CII/FuelEU targets are addressed through embedded stability and capacity constraints. Multi-route and weather-dependent validation remains necessary before fleet-scale deployment. Full article

As reservoir development enters the middle and late stages, variations in formation pressure and water cut lead to significant changes in liquid supply capacity. Under conventional fixed stroke-per-minute (SPM) operation, the production capacity of beam pumping wells often fails to match the dynamically varying inflow, resulting in severe dynamic fluid level fluctuations and subsequent pump-off, gas locking, and abnormal rod string loading. To address these issues, this paper develops a dynamic fluid level model based on the operating mechanism of beam pumping wells, explicitly incorporating system uncertainties and reservoir disturbances. On this basis, a tube-based robust model predictive control (Tube-RMPC) strategy is proposed, in which nominal predictions are combined with local feedback compensation to effectively mitigate model uncertainties and external disturbances. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared with conventional PID control and traditional MPC methods, the proposed approach achieves superior performance in dynamic fluid level tracking accuracy, disturbance rejection, and closed-loop stability. Full article

To solve the problems of poor fuel atomization effect, low combustion efficiency, and uneven temperature distribution of the evaporator tube of a certain micro turbojet engine, a structural optimization design method based on a genetic algorithm is proposed. Taking the inner diameter of the evaporator tube, the diameter of the nozzle hole, the number of nozzle holes as design variables, the fuel atomization particle size (d₅₀), combustion efficiency (η), and maximum wall temperature (T_max) as optimization objectives, a multi-objective optimization mathematical model is established. The iterative optimization is carried out through the selection, crossover, and mutation operations of the genetic algorithm, and the optimization effect is verified by combining CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) numerical simulation. The results show that when the inner diameter of the evaporator tube is 2.6 mm, the diameter of the nozzle hole is 0.8 mm and the number of nozzle holes is eight, the fuel atomization particle size of the evaporator tube is reduced by 18.3%, the combustion efficiency is increased by 7.6%, and the maximum wall temperature is decreased by 12.4%, which significantly improves the working performance of the evaporator tube and provides an effective reference for the optimization design of key components of micro turbojet engines. Full article

Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is an energy-efficient pretreatment technology; however, few studies have directly applied it to food waste (FW). Most HC modeling approaches simplify the cavitating medium as water, whereas FW exhibits non-Newtonian rheology, which may introduce deviations in cavitation simulation. In this study, the rheological properties of FW with different total solids (TS) were measured, and a CFD model of FW-HC in a Venturi reactor was developed. Simplifying FW as water (TS = 0 wt%) underestimated viscosity within the Venturi tube and overestimated the low-pressure region. For FW at TS = 5, 10, and 20 wt%, the relative root means square error (RRMSE) in average vapor volume fraction, relative to TS = 0 wt%, was 31.8%, 36.1%, and 61.5%, respectively. This simplification also led to a lower model-predicted critical pressure for cavitation inception and produced different predictions of the turbulent viscosity ratio (TVR). When non-Newtonian rheology was incorporated, increasing TS significantly elevated FW viscosity and produced high-viscosity regions in the throat and diffuser. These regions restricted the development of the low-pressure zone, thereby suppressing cavitation. Analysis of vapor volume fraction and TVR indicated that high-TS FW required a higher critical pressure for cavitation, whereas moderate dilution or increased pressure drop enhanced HC in FW. Full article

With the increasing functional and geometric complexity of modern steel buildings, irregular beam-to-column joints are becoming increasingly common in engineering practice, while their seismic performance and force transfer mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Based on previous full-scale cyclic loading tests on unequal-depth steel beam (UDSB) and staggered steel beam (SSB) joints incorporating inclined internal diaphragms, this study presents numerical simulations and parametric analyses of irregular steel beam to concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) column joints. Three-dimensional nonlinear finite element models were developed using ABAQUS and validated against experimental results. The strengthening effects of internal diaphragms and concrete infill were then comparatively investigated. The results indicate that internal diaphragms increase the initial stiffness and load-carrying capacity of the joints to approximately 2.0–2.3 times and 1.16–1.8 times, respectively, compared with joints without diaphragms, whereas concrete infill provides smaller enhancements of about 1.3 times in stiffness and 1.2–1.3 times in strength. In addition, the hysteretic response of joints without diaphragms shows good agreement with the post-fracture behavior observed in the experiments, validating the diaphragm fracture mechanism. A parametric study further demonstrates that, under cyclic loading, the beam depth ratio, staggered floor ratio, column wall thickness, column width, diaphragm thickness, and diaphragm opening diameter have significant influences on joint strength and stress distribution, while the effect of axial load ratio is relatively minor. Finally, a strength prediction method applicable to inclined-diaphragm UDSB and SSB joints is proposed, and corresponding fitted expressions are derived based on the parametric results. The findings provide useful guidance for the seismic design of irregular steel beam–CFST column joints incorporating internal diaphragms. Full article