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Keywords = Swedish power grid

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12 pages, 2290 KiB  
Article
On the Way to Utilizing Green Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier—A Case of Northern Sweden
by Jin Zhong and Math H. J. Bollen
Energies 2024, 17(7), 1514; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17071514 - 22 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1635
Abstract
Low or even zero carbon dioxide emissions will be an essential requirement for energy supplies in the near future. Besides transport and electricity generation, industry is another large carbon emitter. Hydrogen produced by renewable energy provides a flexible way of utilizing that energy. [...] Read more.
Low or even zero carbon dioxide emissions will be an essential requirement for energy supplies in the near future. Besides transport and electricity generation, industry is another large carbon emitter. Hydrogen produced by renewable energy provides a flexible way of utilizing that energy. Hydrogen, as an energy carrier, could be stored in a large capacity compared to electricity. In Sweden, hydrogen will be used to replace coal for steel production. This paper discusses how the need for electricity to produce hydrogen will affect the electricity supply and power flow in the Swedish power grid, and whether it will result in increased emissions in other regions. Data of the Swedish system will be used to study the feasibility of implementing the hydrogen system from the power system viewpoint, and discuss the electricity price and emission issues caused by the hydrogen production in different scenarios. This paper concludes that the Swedish power grid is feasible for accommodating the additional electricity capacity requirement of producing green hydrogen for the steel industry. The obtained results could be references for decision makers, investors, and power system operators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Economy in the Global Energy Transition)
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22 pages, 2117 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Impact of Large-Scale Integration of Electric Vehicles for a Swedish Distribution Network
by Sylvester Johansson, Jonas Persson, Stavros Lazarou and Andreas Theocharis
Energies 2019, 12(24), 4717; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12244717 - 11 Dec 2019
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 4294
Abstract
Social considerations for a sustainable future lead to market demands for electromobility. Hence, electrical power distribution operators are concerned about the real ongoing problem of the electrification of the transport sector. In this regard, the paper aims to investigate the large-scale integration of [...] Read more.
Social considerations for a sustainable future lead to market demands for electromobility. Hence, electrical power distribution operators are concerned about the real ongoing problem of the electrification of the transport sector. In this regard, the paper aims to investigate the large-scale integration of electric vehicles in a Swedish distribution network. To this end, the integration pattern is taken into consideration as appears in the literature for other countries and applies to the Swedish culture. Moreover, different charging power levels including smart charging techniques are examined for several percentages of electric vehicles penetration. Industrial simulation tools proven for their accuracy are used for the study. The results indicate that the grid can manage about 50% electric vehicles penetration at its current capacity. This percentage decreases when higher charging power levels apply, while the transformers appear overloaded in many cases. The investigation of alternatives to increase the grid’s capabilities reveal that smart techniques are comparable to the conventional re-dimension of the grid. At present, the increased integration of electric vehicles is manageable by implementing a combination of smart gird and upgrade investments in comparison to technically expensive alternatives based on grid digitalization and algorithms that need to be further confirmed for their reliability for power sharing and energy management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Vehicle Charging: Social and Technical Issues)
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16 pages, 6177 KiB  
Article
Electric Vehicle Penetration in Distribution Network: A Swedish Case Study
by Henrik Maninnerby, Sune Bergerland, Stavros Lazarou and Andreas Theocharis
Appl. Syst. Innov. 2019, 2(3), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/asi2030019 - 28 Jun 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3712
Abstract
This study aims to simulate the use of renewable energy in the form of different energy sources, such as solar cells, district heating, and in the presence of battery storage and for high penetration of electric vehicles in a typical Swedish power grid. [...] Read more.
This study aims to simulate the use of renewable energy in the form of different energy sources, such as solar cells, district heating, and in the presence of battery storage and for high penetration of electric vehicles in a typical Swedish power grid. The EnergyPLAN software is used. The purpose is to examine the demands in order to cope with the needs that may arise and to create a better understanding of how renewable energy affects the power balance and future investments in the case of a typical Swedish distribution system. The importance of this research is mainly based on the fact that it represents a real network, as it operates today, which is analyzed using the expected electric vehicle penetration. The aim is to investigate the expansion needs for maintaining the current quality for service despite the addition of new loads. In addition, the regional and national special regulatory and operational requirements are taken into account and described in this work. Full article
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13 pages, 3602 KiB  
Article
An Analysis of Frequency Variations and its Implications on Connected Equipment for a Nanogrid during Islanded Operation
by Jakob Nömm, Sarah K. Rönnberg and Math H. J. Bollen
Energies 2018, 11(9), 2456; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092456 - 16 Sep 2018
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4987
Abstract
Frequency, voltage and reliability data have been collected in a nanogrid for 48 weeks during islanded operation. Frequency values from the 48 week measurements were analyzed and compared to relevant limits. During 19.5% of the 48 weeks, the nanogrid had curtailed the production [...] Read more.
Frequency, voltage and reliability data have been collected in a nanogrid for 48 weeks during islanded operation. Frequency values from the 48 week measurements were analyzed and compared to relevant limits. During 19.5% of the 48 weeks, the nanogrid had curtailed the production due to insufficient consumption in islanded operation. The curtailment of production was also the main cause of the frequency variations above the limits. When the microgrid operated on stored battery power, the frequency variations were less than in the Swedish national grid. 39.4% of all the interruptions that occurred in the nanogrid are also indirectly caused by the curtailment of solar production. Possible solutions for mitigating the frequency variations and lowering the number of interruptions are also discussed. Full article
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