Search Results (75)

Forest tourism visitation in U.S. national forests has grown by approximately 8 percent over the past decade (from 2014 to 2022) from 147 million to 158.7 million visits per year, indicating a clear upward trajectory in demand for nature-based leisure experiences, yet the determinants of traveler satisfaction in this context remain insufficiently understood. Existing studies have primarily emphasized destination attributes, overlooking the interplay between psychological motivations, lifestyle orientations, and physical conditions. This omission is critical because it limits a holistic understanding of forest traveler’s experiences, which prevents us from fully capturing how internal dispositions, everyday life contexts, and well-being concerns interact with destination attributes to shape satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore how motivation, lifestyle, and physical condition jointly shape satisfaction in forest tourism, drawing on Push–Pull Theory and environmental psychology. A dataset of 10,792 TripAdvisor reviews of U.S. national forests was analyzed using LIWC 2022 for psycholinguistic feature extraction and Ordered Logit Regression for hypothesis testing. Results show that positive emotional tone, leisure-oriented language, health references, and reward motivation significantly enhance satisfaction, while negative tone, illness, and work-related language reduce it. Curiosity and risk motivations were non-significant, and allure exerted only a marginal effect. These findings extend the Push–Pull framework by incorporating lifestyle and physical condition as moderating variables and validate emotional tone in user-generated content as a proxy for subjective evaluations. The study refines motivation theory by revealing context-specific effects of motivational dimensions. The results offer actionable insights for destination managers, service providers, marketers, and policymakers aiming to enhance forest travel experiences and promote sustainable tourism development. Full article

To mitigate persistent urban–rural disparities and facilitate comprehensive rural development, the Chinese government institutionalized the Rural Revitalization Strategy. This national policy framework systematically addresses five critical domains of rural development: (1) industrial revitalization, (2) talent revitalization, (3) organizational capacity building, (4) cultural heritage preservation, and (5) ecological conservation. Among them, talent cultivation serves as both a fundamental objective and critical resource for the sustainable rural economic transformation. However, the existing research and practice have disproportionately emphasized industrial and ecological aspects, largely neglecting the acute talent shortage. This study bridges this gap by adopting a population mobility lens to categorize young talent types contributing to Chinese rural economic transformation and analyze their mobility trajectories and resource exchange dynamics. Drawing on an integrated theoretical framework combining Push–Pull Theory and Existence–Relatedness–Growth Theory, as well as empirical evidences from Yuan Village in Shaanxi Province, this research has four key findings. First, there are three distinct young talent categories that have emerged in Chinese rural economic transformation: urban-to-rural young talents, native young talents, and rural-to-rural young talents. It is noteworthy that the rural-to-rural young talent represents a novel flow pattern that can expand our conventional understandings of Chinese population mobility. Second, differential push–pull factors shape each category’s migration decisions, subsequently influenced by their existence needs, social relatedness, and growth requirements as outlined in ERG Theory. Third, through heterogeneous resource exchanges with villagers, committees, and communities, these talents negotiate their positions and satisfy their expectations within the rural socio-economic system. Fourth, unmet exchange expectations may precipitate talent outflow, which will further pose sustainability challenges to revitalization efforts. Additionally, the long-term impacts of the intensified social interactions between talent groups and local residents, as well as their generalizability, require further examination. Full article

In this study, three alternating donor–acceptor (D–A) type [12]cycloparaphenylene ([12]CPP) derivatives ([12]CPP 1a, 2a, and 3a) were designed through precise molecular engineering, and their multidimensional photophysical responses and chiroptical properties were systematically investigated. The effects of the alternating D–A architecture on electronic structure, excited-state dynamics, and optical behavior were elucidated through density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations. The results show that the alternating D–A design significantly reduced the HOMO–LUMO energy gap (e.g., 3.11 eV for [12]CPP 2a), enhanced charge transfer characteristics, and induced pronounced red-shifted absorption. The introduction of an imide-based acceptor ([12]CPP 2a) further strengthened the electron push-pull interaction, exhibiting superior performance in two-photon absorption, while the symmetrically multifunctionalized structure ([12]CPP 3a) predominantly exhibited localized excitation with the highest absorption intensity but lacked charge transfer features. Chiral analysis reveals that the alternating D–A architecture modulated the distribution of chiral signals, with [12]CPP 1a displaying a strong Cotton effect in the low-wavelength region. These findings not only provide a theoretical basis for the molecular design of functionalized CPP derivatives, but also lay a solid theoretical foundation for expanding their application potential in optoelectronic devices and chiral functional materials. Full article

Urban wetlands are increasingly recognized for their ecological and cultural benefits, yet remain underutilized due to limited public awareness and environmental literacy. This study investigates how visitors’ perceptions of wetland ecosystem services influence their motivations to engage with a constructed wetland in Putrajaya, Malaysia. By integrating the ecosystem services framework with push-pull motivation theory, the research aims to bridge knowledge gaps and inform sustainable wetland tourism planning. A structured questionnaire was administered to 420 visitors, with 385 valid responses (response rate: 91.7%). Data were analyzed using non-parametric tests (Kruskal–Wallis, Spearman correlation) and multiple regression analysis. Results show that cultural and regulating services are perceived most positively, while emotional restoration and aesthetic appreciation emerged as key motivational drivers. Regression findings reveal that push factors are stronger predictors of ecosystem service engagement than pull factors. These insights highlight the importance of emotional and psychological connections to nature, offering practical implications for urban wetland management, visitor education and environmental communication strategies. Full article

This study introduces a novel reflective–formative hierarchical model specification for the classic push–pull tourist motivation construct, aligning its measurement with the theoretical distinction between intrinsic “push” drives and external “pull” attributes. Unlike the traditional reflective-reflective structuring of tourist motivation we defied the higher order factors (novelty, knowledge and facilities as formative. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on a purposive sample of 319 international tourists, we empirically validate the reflective–formative (reflective first-order, formative second-order) model. The reflective–formative model showed a superior fit and predictive power: it explained substantially more variance in key outcome constructs (social motives (R² = 53.60) and self-actualization (R² = 23.10)) than the traditional reflective–reflective specification (social motives (R² = 49.30) and self-actualization (R² = 21.70)), which is consistent with best-practice guidelines for theoretically grounded models. In contrast, the incorrectly specified reflective–reflective model showed stronger effects between unrelated constructs, supporting concerns that choosing the wrong type of measurement model can lead to incorrect conclusions. By reconciling the push–pull theory with measurement design, this work’s main contributions are a theoretically justified reflective–formative model for tourist motivation, and evidence of its empirical benefits. These findings highlight a methodological innovation in motivation modeling and underscore that modeling push–pull motives formatively yields more accurate insights for theory and practice. Full article

This study explores the factors driving employees’ sustainability-switching behaviors (SSBs) by integrating the Push, Pull, and Mooring (PPM) model with the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 132 professionals actively involved in organizational sustainability initiatives across diverse industries and global regions. The findings reveal that leadership commitment significantly fosters both affective and normative employee commitments, with normative commitment positively influencing SSB. Surprisingly, organizational trust showed a negative impact on SSB, suggesting that employees may delegate responsibility for sustainability to the organization when trust is high. Inertia emerged as a strong barrier to behavioral change, independently inhibiting sustainability efforts. The study highlights the complex dynamics among leadership, trust, and inertia, offering practical insights for organizations aiming to foster sustainability. Addressing inertia directly and promoting shared responsibility for sustainability are critical for successful organizational transitions. Future research should explore the psychological mechanisms behind inertia and further investigate the paradoxical role of trust in sustainability initiatives. Full article

Utilizing isomeric monomers to construct covalent organic frameworks (COFs) could easily and precisely regulate their structure in order to raise the photocatalytic performance towards two-step single-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Herein, isomeric anthraquinone (AQ)-based COFs (designated as 1,4-DQTP and 2,6-DQTP) were successfully fabricated through a simple yet effective one-step solvothermal synthesis approach, only utilizing isomeric monomers with alterations in the catalysts. Specifically, the black 1,4-DQTP displayed a high photocatalytic H₂O₂ production rate of 865.4 µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, with 2.44-fold enhancement compared to 2,6-DQTP (354.7 µmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹). Through a series of experiments such as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and the free radical quenching experiments, as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the photocatalytic mechanism revealed that compared with 2,6-DQTP, 1,4-DQTP possessed a stronger and broader visible light absorption capacity, and thus generated more photogenerated e⁻-h⁺ pairs. Ultimately, more photogenerated electrons were enriched on the AQ motif via a more apparent electron push–pull effect, which provided a stable transfer channel for e⁻ and thus facilitated the generation of superoxide anion radical intermediates (•O₂⁻). On the other hand, the negative charge region of AQ’s carbonyl group evidently overlapped with that of TP, indicating that 1,4-DQTP had a higher chemical affinity for the uptake of protons, and thus afforded a more favorable hydrogen donation for H⁺. As a consequence, the rational design of COFs utilizing isomeric monomers could synergistically raise the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) kinetics for two-step single-electron ORR to H₂O₂ under visible light illumination. This work provides some insights for the design and fabrication of COFs through rational isomer engineering to modulate their photocatalytic activities. Full article

The ecological efficiency of cultivated land utilization is closely related to food security and the sustainable development of agriculture. As an important actor in the utilization of cultivated land, the transfer of labor to non-agricultural sectors and its impact on ecological efficiency remain underexplored. Taking China as an example, this study employs push–pull theory, technology factor substitution theory, and land scale economy theory to explore the motivations and mechanisms of non-agricultural labor transfer. An empirical analysis was conducted using provincial panel data from 2011 to 2023. The research methods include the super-efficiency SBM model, fixed effect model, mediating effect model, and threshold effect model. The results are as follows: (1) Non-agricultural labor transfer promotes improvements in the ecological efficiency of cultivated land utilization. A 1% growth in non-agricultural labor transfer is associated with a 0.615% improvement in the ecological efficiency of cultivated land utilization. The impact is especially evident in the main grain-producing areas and northern regions. (2) As a modern agricultural production factor, agricultural machinery plays a mediating role in factor substitution at the farmland stage, accounting for 39% of the effect. (3) The scale of agricultural land operation exhibits a single threshold effect with a threshold value of 1.1577. Against the backdrop of widespread non-agricultural labor transfer, this study provides a reference for further strengthening the utilization of agricultural machinery and promoting large-scale land operations. Full article

Facing the support challenges of short-wall working face (15–40m) roadways in the ‘excavation–backfill–retention’ tunneling method for section coal pillars, traditional equipment struggled to achieve stable, reliable, and efficient support. This paper designed a temporary support robot for the excavation and mining system of section coal pillars to ensure the safety of equipment and personnel in short-wall working faces. The support requirements of the section coal pillar excavation and mining system were analyzed, and a general ‘driving under pressure’ temporary support scheme was proposed. The working principle of the temporary support robot was analyzed. A mechanical model for the stable support of the temporary support robot was established. The mechanical properties of the surrounding rock were analyzed, and the allowable range of the temporary support robot’s supporting force was determined while ensuring the stability of the surrounding rock. Based on the Stribeck friction theory, a dynamic model of the temporary support robot in the driving under pressure state was constructed. The boundary conditions of the dynamic model were set, and the corresponding relationship between the temporary support robot’s supporting force and its maximum static friction force was determined. This accurately described the influence of the supporting force and pushing (pulling) force on the movement during the process of driving under pressure. Through finite element simulation, the stress conditions of the temporary support robot and the floor under maximum load were analyzed, indicating that this load condition would not cause damage to the temporary support robot or the surrounding rock. Through multi-body dynamics simulation, the pushing (pulling) forces required for the temporary support robot’s movement under different supporting force conditions were obtained, verifying the feasibility of the driving under pressure action under different supporting force conditions. Moreover, the model-predicted and simulated values of the required pushing (pulling) forces during the process of driving under pressure were consistent, validating the accuracy of the driving under pressure dynamic model. This research provides a new theoretical framework for the design and dynamic analysis of temporary support equipment for short-wall working faces in section coal pillar mining, holding significant academic value and broad application prospects. Full article

In recent years, global climate and environmental issues have become prominent, making green housing a major focus. However, during the development of green housing, there is a tendency to prioritize design while neglecting the operation. Meanwhile, house owners’ green rights and interests during the operation stage are not well protected. In response, some countries have promoted green housing insurance. However, this type of insurance remains immature because of insufficient public awareness, a lack of supporting policies, and limited practical application. These challenges result in low acceptance among house owners, hindering the development of green insurance and green housing sector. To address this issue, this study applies the push–pull theory to establish a driver system for house owners’ acceptance of green housing, considering internal push and external pull drivers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is then used to analyze the mechanisms that drive house owners’ acceptance. The key findings are as follows: (1) drivers in the pull dimension have a stronger impact on acceptance than drivers in the push dimension; and (2) premium subsidies and economic compensation play a crucial role in driving house owners to accept green housing insurance. This study identifies the key drivers and pathways that influence the acceptance of green housing insurance, providing valuable insights for increasing public recognition and acceptance. The findings can contribute to the development of the green housing industry. Full article

The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated several challenges, prompting the Indonesian government to enact rules aimed at minimizing direct contact to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, which has also affected transactional activities. Transactions conducted using a digital wallet represent a technological advancement that facilitates a cashless society lifestyle. Bank Indonesia established the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) as a QR Code standard for digital payments using Electronic Money-Based (EU) servers, electronic wallets, or Mobile Banking. This study aims to identify the elements that affect consumer willingness to convert from cash payments to the QRIS during the COVID-19 epidemic. This study collected data through an online survey, distributing a 17-item questionnaire to QRIS users, yielding 568 valid responses. This research used a modified version of the Push-Pull-Mooring theory and an adaptation of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model, concentrating on consumers’ intentions to transition from cash payments to QRIS utilization. This study employed the Hybrid SEM-ANN methodology with the SmartPLS and IBM SPSS Statistics 27 applications for data analysis. This investigation had 11 hypotheses, of which 4 were accepted. The findings indicated that alternative attractiveness, trust, critical mass, and traditional payment habits significantly influenced the intention to transition from cash payments to QRIS payments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Full article

This study employs the push–pull theory to analyze tourism motivations (push and pull), perceived risk (financial risk and perceived risk), perceived value, educational level and smartphone usage and their effect on willingness to pay (WTP) and electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM) behavioural intentions in Smart Tourism Destinations (STDs). With a significant sample of 504 respondents in the STD of Cáceres, the push–pull theory is used to assess its impact on smartphone usage. Results reveal that motivations, financial risk, perceived value and educational level positively affect smartphone usage, directly influencing WTP and E-WOM. Managers are advised to prioritize privacy in mobile payments, implement security services against financial risks and promote specialized applications and encourage the personalization of offers through artificial intelligence. Understanding these variables, which explain 41.5% of WTP and 65.8% of E-WOM, provides a basis for strategic decision-making in STDs. Full article

Against the backdrop of global climate change, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall, typhoons, tsunamis, and rising sea levels, have become frequent, posing unprecedented challenges to human society. As an important strategy for coastal cities to respond to climate change, climate-induced evacuation is influenced by complex and diverse factors. This study delves into the driving mechanisms of population migration willingness, revealing the dynamic balance of push, pull, and resistance factors and their interaction with individual value orientations affecting migration decisions. By constructing a Logistic Regression Model, this research quantitatively analyzes the significant impacts of personal circumstances, family characteristics, living conditions, risk perception, compensation relocation, and supportive policies on climate-induced migration willingness, using Shanghai as a case study. The findings indicate that age, education level, household size, housing type, risk perception, and compensation policies are key factors. Building upon the multidimensional capital interaction mechanisms and dynamic threshold response patterns identified in the research, this study proposes a three-phase progressive policy framework: initially, establishing an integrated human–material–social capital framework to implement tiered relocation incentive programs, which address decision window constraints through cognitive empowerment and asset replacement strategies; subsequently, creating a dynamic compensation adjustment mechanism by developing policy toolkits aligned with inverted U-shaped utility curves while enhancing synergistic effects between cultural cognition transformation and vocational training; and ultimately, innovating an institutional–cultural co-governance paradigm that rebalances public service dependency and place attachment through spatial equity redistribution. Specific recommendations encompass designing modular risk education curricula, establishing social network transplantation mechanisms, piloting climate citizenship regimes, and constructing cross-border governance knowledge platforms. These multidimensional interventions encompassing capital restructuring, threshold responsiveness, and cultural adaptation offer valuable policy insights for resolving the “development resilience–migration inertia” paradox in coastal cities. Full article

β-galactosidase (β-Gal) has emerged as a pivotal biomarker for the comprehensive investigation of diseases associated with cellular senescence. The development of a fluorescent sensor is of considerable importance for precisely detecting the activity and spatial distribution of β-Gal. In this study, we developed two excited-state-altering responsive fluorescent sensors (TF1 and TF2) for ratiometric detection of β-Gal. Two TCF dyes, composed of tricyanofuran (TCF) and naphthol units, feature electron “pull–push” systems and are quenched fluorescence by β-Gal. Upon β-Gal hydrolysis, a significant ratiometric shift in absorption from ca. 475 nm to 630 nm is observed, accompanied by the emergence of a fluorescence signal at ca. 660 nm. The enzyme-responsive optical red-shifts are attributed to the excited-state transition from intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state to local excited (LE) state, which was confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Both fluorescent sensors display exceptional sensitivity and selectivity for the response of β-Gal in PBS solution and are capable of tracking β-Gal within senescent A549 cells. This study introduces a framework for developing multimodal optical probes by systematically modulating excited-state properties, demonstrating their utility in senescence studies, diagnostic assay design, and therapeutic assessment. Full article

Purpose: This study examines the entrepreneurial transformation within kibbutzim (organizations historically rooted in collectivist ideals) as they adapt to economic and cultural shifts. Positioned as unique socioeconomic models, kibbutzim provide a compelling context for understanding social intrapreneurship, defined as entrepreneurial behaviors emerging within structured communal settings. The study explores how tensions between different community values impact the motivation to establish a new business. Methods: A paper-based survey was distributed to 256 entrepreneurs. Motivation is assessed using the push/pull theory. Self-efficacy is proposed as a mediator between the type of kibbutz (collective or privatized) and motivational factors, with proactive personality acting as a moderator of the relationship between kibbutz type and self-efficacy. Findings: The results indicate that although entrepreneurs from both types of kibbutzim exhibit lower pull motivators compared to non-kibbutz members, privatized kibbutz entrepreneurs display a higher level of push motivation than the other groups. Additionally, self-efficacy mediates the relationship between collective kibbutz members and pull motivation and between privatized kibbutz members and push motivation, but only for entrepreneurs with low levels of proactive personality traits. Conclusions: The findings underscore the influence of cultural tensions and values on entrepreneurial behaviors, offering insights into the interplay between community context and individual agency. Full article