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Keywords = Ornithonyssus bursa

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13 pages, 2297 KiB  
Article
Poultry Mites Contributing to Human Dermatitis: A Retrospective Study in Italy (2010–2024)
by Iolanda Moretta, Simona Principato, Leonardo Brustenga and Mario Antonello Principato
Poultry 2025, 4(2), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/poultry4020021 - 2 May 2025
Viewed by 1468
Abstract
Dermanyssus gallinae, Ornithonyssus sylviarum, and Ornithonyssus bursa are ectoparasitic bird mites that affect both avian hosts and humans, causing economic losses in poultry farming and dermatological issues in humans. Due to their small size and transient feeding behaviour, mite-induced dermatitis is [...] Read more.
Dermanyssus gallinae, Ornithonyssus sylviarum, and Ornithonyssus bursa are ectoparasitic bird mites that affect both avian hosts and humans, causing economic losses in poultry farming and dermatological issues in humans. Due to their small size and transient feeding behaviour, mite-induced dermatitis is often misdiagnosed. In this study, over 4900 cases of entomodermatoses, recorded at the Urania Research Centre and the Department of Veterinary Medicine of Perugia—Parasitology Section between 2010–2024, were analysed, selecting cases linked to bird mites. Data on lesion onset, timing, infestation location, environmental factors, lesion type, and symptoms were examined. Avian Dermanyssoidea mites were responsible for about 4% of dermatological cases, with D. gallinae and O. sylviarum being the most prevalent, while O. bursa was less frequent. Species identification was also based on the morphology of the chelicerae and palps, with cases peaking in spring and summer. These mites were widely distributed across Italy, and Ornithonyssus species caused more severe skin reactions than Dermanyssus. Infestations often involved both genera. This study provides the first large-scale analysis of bird mite infestations in Italy, offering new insights into their distribution, infestation dynamics, and clinical symptoms. The findings contribute to improving diagnostic accuracy, pest control strategies, and public health interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of Animals)
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18 pages, 3784 KiB  
Article
In Vivo Characterization of the Anti-Glutathione S-Transferase Antibody Using an In Vitro Mite Feeding Model
by Shwe Yee Win, Hikari Seo, Fumiya Horio, Sotaro Fujisawa, Jumpei Sato, Yoshinosuke Motai, Takumi Sato, Eiji Oishi, Akira Taneno, Lat Lat Htun, Saw Bawm, Tomohiro Okagawa, Naoya Maekawa, Satoru Konnai, Kazuhiko Ohashi and Shiro Murata
Vaccines 2024, 12(2), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020148 - 30 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2033
Abstract
Poultry red mites (Dermanyssus gallinae, PRMs), tropical fowl mites (Ornithonyssus bursa, TFMs), and northern fowl mites (O. sylviarum, NFMs) are blood-feeding pests that debilitate poultry worldwide. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) plays an important role in the detoxification and drug [...] Read more.
Poultry red mites (Dermanyssus gallinae, PRMs), tropical fowl mites (Ornithonyssus bursa, TFMs), and northern fowl mites (O. sylviarum, NFMs) are blood-feeding pests that debilitate poultry worldwide. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) plays an important role in the detoxification and drug metabolism of mites. However, research on avian mite GSTs as vaccine antigens is still lacking. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the potential of avian mite GSTs for vaccine development. We identified GST genes from TFMs and NFMs. We prepared recombinant GST (rGST) from TFMs, NFMs, and PRMs, and assessed their protein functions. Moreover, we evaluated the cross-reactivity and acaricidal effect of immune plasma against each rGST on TFMs, NFMs, and PRMs. The deduced amino acid sequences of GSTs from TFMs and NFMs were 80% similar to those of the PRMs. The rGSTs exhibited catalytic activity in conjugating glutathione to the 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene substrate. Immune plasma against each rGST showed cross-reactivity with rGST from different mite species. Moreover, the survival rate of PRMs fed with immune plasma against the rGST of TFMs and NFMs was significantly lower than that of the control plasma. These results demonstrate the potential application of GST as an antigen for the development of a broad-spectrum vaccine against avian mites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Veterinary Vaccines and Diagnostic Tools 2.0)
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17 pages, 1130 KiB  
Review
Advances in Non-Chemical Tools to Control Poultry Hematophagous Mites
by Geralda Gabriele da Silva, Maykelin Fuentes Zaldívar, Lucilene Aparecida Resende Oliveira, Reysla Maria da Silveira Mariano, Daniel Ferreira Lair, Renata Antunes de Souza, Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino, Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli, Denise da Silveira-Lemos, Walderez Ornelas Dutra, Ricardo Nascimento Araújo, Lorena Lopes Ferreira and Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(10), 589; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10100589 - 22 Sep 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3379
Abstract
The blood-sucking mites Dermanyssus gallinae (“red mite”), Ornithonyssus sylviarum (“northern fowl mite”), and Ornithonyssus bursa (”tropical fowl mite”) stand out for causing infestations in commercial poultry farms worldwide, resulting in significant economic damage for producers. In addition to changes in production systems that [...] Read more.
The blood-sucking mites Dermanyssus gallinae (“red mite”), Ornithonyssus sylviarum (“northern fowl mite”), and Ornithonyssus bursa (”tropical fowl mite”) stand out for causing infestations in commercial poultry farms worldwide, resulting in significant economic damage for producers. In addition to changes in production systems that include new concerns for animal welfare, global climate change in recent years has become a major challenge in the spread of ectoparasites around the world. This review includes information regarding the main form of controlling poultry mites through the use of commercially available chemicals. In addition, non-chemical measures against blood-sucking mites were discussed such as extracts and oils from plants and seeds, entomopathogenic fungi, semiochemicals, powder such as diatomaceous earth and silica-based products, and vaccine candidates. The control of poultry mites using chemical methods that are currently used to control or eliminate them are proving to be less effective as mites develop resistance. In contrast, the products based on plant oils and extracts, powders of plant origin, fungi, and new antigens aimed at developing transmission-blocking vaccines against poultry mites provide some encouraging options for the rational control of these ectoparasites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control Strategies of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens)
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