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Keywords = MRBD

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19 pages, 1342 KiB  
Article
The Modulatory Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Brain Oscillatory Patterns in the Beta Band in Healthy Older Adults
by Kenya Morales Fajardo, Xuanteng Yan, George Lungoci, Monserrat Casado Sánchez, Georgios D. Mitsis and Marie-Hélène Boudrias
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(12), 1284; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14121284 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1627
Abstract
Background: In the last few years, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has attracted attention as a promising approach to interact with ongoing oscillatory cortical activity and, consequently, to enhance cognitive and motor processes. While tACS findings are limited by high variability in young [...] Read more.
Background: In the last few years, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has attracted attention as a promising approach to interact with ongoing oscillatory cortical activity and, consequently, to enhance cognitive and motor processes. While tACS findings are limited by high variability in young adults’ responses, its effects on brain oscillations in older adults remain largely unexplored. In fact, the modulatory effects of tACS on cortical oscillations in healthy aging participants have not yet been investigated extensively, particularly during movement. This study aimed to examine the after-effects of 20 Hz and 70 Hz High-Definition tACS on beta oscillations both during rest and movement. Methods: We recorded resting state EEG signals and during a handgrip task in 15 healthy older participants. We applied 10 min of 20 Hz HD-tACS, 70 Hz HD-tACS or Sham stimulation for 10 min. We extracted resting-state beta power and movement-related beta desynchronization (MRBD) values to compare between stimulation frequencies and across time. Results: We found that 20 Hz HD-tACS induced a significant reduction in beta power for electrodes C3 and CP3, while 70 Hz did not have any significant effects. With regards to MRBD, 20 Hz HD-tACS led to more negative values, while 70 Hz HD-tACS resulted in more positive ones for electrodes C3 and FC3. Conclusions: These findings suggest that HD-tACS can modulate beta brain oscillations with frequency specificity. They also highlight the focal impact of HD-tACS, which elicits effects on the cortical region situated directly beneath the stimulation electrode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of EEG in Neurorehabilitation)
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19 pages, 2233 KiB  
Article
Aging and Complexity Effects on Hemisphere-Dependent Movement-Related Beta Desynchronization during Bimanual Motor Planning and Execution
by Sybren Van Hoornweder, Diego Andres Blanco-Mora, Siel Depestele, Kim van Dun, Koen Cuypers, Stefanie Verstraelen and Raf Meesen
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(11), 1444; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12111444 - 26 Oct 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2445
Abstract
With aging comes degradation of bimanual movement performance. A hallmark feature of bimanual movements is movement-related beta desynchronization (MRBD), an attenuation in the amplitude of beta oscillations associated with sensorimotor activation. Here, we investigated MRBD in 39 healthy adults (20 younger and 19 [...] Read more.
With aging comes degradation of bimanual movement performance. A hallmark feature of bimanual movements is movement-related beta desynchronization (MRBD), an attenuation in the amplitude of beta oscillations associated with sensorimotor activation. Here, we investigated MRBD in 39 healthy adults (20 younger and 19 older adults) in frontal, central, and parietal regions across both hemispheres, during the planning and execution of a bimanual tracking task. Task accuracy decreased with age and during more difficult conditions when both hands had to move at different relative speeds. MRBD was mostly situated in the central region, and increased in older versus younger adults during movement execution but not planning. Irrespective of age, motor planning and execution were associated with increased MRBD in the left and right hemispheres, respectively. Notably, right central MRBD during motor planning was associated with bimanual task performance, particularly in older adults. Specifically, persons who demonstrated high MRBD during motor planning performed better on the bimanual tracking task. Our results highlight the importance of lateralized MRBD during motor planning, thereby shining new light on previous research and providing a promising avenue for future interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Neurotechnology and Neuroimaging)
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10 pages, 864 KiB  
Article
Comparative Immunogenicity of the Recombinant Receptor-Binding Domain of Protein S SARS-CoV-2 Obtained in Prokaryotic and Mammalian Expression Systems
by Iuliia A. Merkuleva, Dmitry N. Shcherbakov, Mariya B. Borgoyakova, Daniil V. Shanshin, Andrey P. Rudometov, Larisa I. Karpenko, Svetlana V. Belenkaya, Anastasiya A. Isaeva, Valentina S. Nesmeyanova, Elena I. Kazachinskaia, Ekaterina A. Volosnikova, Tatiana I. Esina, Anna V. Zaykovskaya, Oleg V. Pyankov, Sophia S. Borisevich, Arseniya A. Shelemba, Anton N. Chikaev and Alexander A. Ilyichev
Vaccines 2022, 10(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010096 - 9 Jan 2022
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 3545
Abstract
The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the protein S SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be one of the appealing targets for developing a vaccine against COVID-19. The choice of an expression system is essential when developing subunit vaccines, as it ensures the effective synthesis of [...] Read more.
The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the protein S SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be one of the appealing targets for developing a vaccine against COVID-19. The choice of an expression system is essential when developing subunit vaccines, as it ensures the effective synthesis of the correctly folded target protein, and maintains its antigenic and immunogenic properties. Here, we describe the production of a recombinant RBD protein using prokaryotic (pRBD) and mammalian (mRBD) expression systems, and compare the immunogenicity of prokaryotic and mammalian-expressed RBD using a BALB/c mice model. An analysis of the sera from mice immunized with both variants of the protein revealed that the mRBD expressed in CHO cells provides a significantly stronger humoral immune response compared with the RBD expressed in E.coli cells. A specific antibody titer of sera from mice immunized with mRBD was ten-fold higher than the sera from the mice that received pRBD in ELISA, and about 100-fold higher in a neutralization test. The data obtained suggests that mRBD is capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section COVID-19 Vaccines and Vaccination)
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