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Keywords = Heinz body anemia

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7 pages, 2204 KB  
Case Report
Fatal Garlic (Allium sativum) Toxicosis in a Dog: Gross and Histopathological Findings in a Rare Case of Systemic Hemolytic Injury
by Elena Biasibetti, Valentina Maza, Virginia Tagliati, Simona Zoppi, Alessia Di Blasio, Elena Bozzetta and Marzia Pezzolato
Animals 2026, 16(11), 1712; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16111712 - 3 Jun 2026
Viewed by 1110
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) contains organosulfur compounds capable of inducing oxidative damage to erythrocytes in dogs, leading to hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia. Although Allium toxicosis is relatively common, fatal cases with detailed histopathological characterization are rarely reported. This case report describes a [...] Read more.
Garlic (Allium sativum) contains organosulfur compounds capable of inducing oxidative damage to erythrocytes in dogs, leading to hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia. Although Allium toxicosis is relatively common, fatal cases with detailed histopathological characterization are rarely reported. This case report describes a fatal episode of garlic toxicosis in a 3-year-old female mixed-breed dog. At necropsy, gastric contents included food material and raw garlic cloves (16 g). Gross findings included pulmonary hyperemia and thoracic hemorrhagic effusion. Histopathological examination revealed multifocal myocardial hemorrhages, diffuse pulmonary capillary congestion, hepatic sinusoidal dilation with hemorrhagic areas, splenic hemorrhage, and renal glomerular capillary dilation. These lesions were consistent with systemic hypoxic and vascular injury secondary to oxidative erythrocyte damage. The lower quantity of garlic recovered compared with reported toxic doses suggests possible individual susceptibility or incomplete recovery of ingested material. This case highlights the diagnostic value of histopathology in suspected Allium fatal toxicosis and contributes to increasing the limited literature describing these outcomes in dogs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Clinical Studies)
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11 pages, 764 KB  
Communication
The Effect of the Type and Concentration of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Heinz Body Concentrations in Canine Erythrocytes—An In Vitro Study
by Klaudia Beleć, Justyna Barć and Olga Lasek
Animals 2025, 15(21), 3188; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15213188 - 1 Nov 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4575
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is widely used in human diets and medicine, but its safety for dogs remains uncertain. Heinz bodies in red blood cells are indicators of oxidative damage, which may lead to hemolytic anemia. This study evaluated the effects of [...] Read more.
Garlic (Allium sativum) is widely used in human diets and medicine, but its safety for dogs remains uncertain. Heinz bodies in red blood cells are indicators of oxidative damage, which may lead to hemolytic anemia. This study evaluated the effects of different forms and concentrations of garlic on canine erythrocytes in vitro. The experiment consisted of two phases: Phase 1 compared fresh, dried, and granulated garlic, while Phase 2 assessed two concentrations of granulated garlic (0.1 and 0.2 g/mL). Blood from healthy dogs was incubated with ethanol extracts of garlic. Hemolysis was measured spectrophotometrically by hemoglobin release, and blood smears were examined for Heinz bodies and eccentrocytes. All garlic preparations caused hemolysis, most strongly granulated garlic at 0.2 g/mL (p < 0.01). Blood smears confirmed red blood cell damage, with more Heinz bodies and eccentrocytes in dried and granulated garlic samples. In conclusion, the form and concentration of garlic strongly influence its hemolytic activity. Processing methods such as drying and granulation may enhance the release of reactive compounds, increasing the risk of oxidative damage to canine red blood cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Nutrition)
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