Search Results (24,009)

Typhoon track prediction is an important research direction in weather forecasting. Although deep learning methods have achieved some progress in this field, challenges remain, including insufficient fusion of meteorological features, limited capability in modeling temporal and spatial evolution, and high computational cost of some models. To address these issues, this paper proposes a dual-path, multi-modal typhoon track prediction model that incorporates a gated axial Transformer to enhance the modeling of deep structural features in the meteorological environment. Numerical experimental results show that the proposed model achieves higher prediction accuracy than comparative methods in typhoon track prediction tasks across multiple time scales, demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach. Full article

The large-scale accumulation of steel slag from steelmaking and the over-exploitation of natural aggregates pose significant environmental and resource challenges. Focusing on the arid-cold region of Xinjiang, China, this study proposes the use of steel slag as a substitute for natural aggregates in pavement engineering. Through experimental performance evaluation and regionalized life cycle assessment (LCA), the technical feasibility and carbon reduction potential of this application were comprehensively evaluated. Results indicate that steel slag asphalt mixtures meet or exceed specification requirements in terms of high-temperature stability, water stability, and low-temperature crack resistance. However, volume stability decreases slightly with higher steel slag content and finer particle size, necessitating pretreatment for long-term durability. A local life cycle assessment model considering regional transportation factors was applied to the G30 Luhuo Expressway project. During the materialization stage, steel slag was used to replace 30% of the natural aggregates, reducing approximately 6718 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions (31.4%). This, to some extent, reduced the extraction of natural resources, saved land resources, and alleviated the problems of resource shortage and price fluctuations. Sensitivity analysis reveals a positive correlation between carbon reduction and steel slag content, while transport distance strongly influences overall benefits, with a critical threshold of about 78 km defining the effective utilization range. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization model balancing service life, cost, and carbon reduction was developed to identify an optimal steel slag content scheme, maximizing comprehensive benefits under constrained conditions. This work confirms the technical viability of steel slag pavement in extreme climates and provides a systematic framework integrating environmental benefits and logistical constraints, supporting regional industrial synergy and promoting circular economy practices in low-carbon infrastructure. Full article

Under dynamic loading conditions, the output voltage of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) exhibits nonlinear degradation characterized by non-Gaussian fluctuations, abrupt changes, and long-range temporal dependence, which are difficult to model using conventional short-correlation or remaining useful life (RUL) prediction approaches. To capture both historical dependency and stochastic jump behavior, this study proposes a SHAP-driven mechanism–data fusion fractional stochastic degradation model based on fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and fractional Poisson process (fPp) for degradation trend forecasting. A terminal voltage mechanism model considering activation, ohmic, and concentration polarization losses is first established, and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis is employed to quantify the contributions of multi-source operational variables and enhance interpretability. The Hurst exponent is then used to verify long-range dependence and jump characteristics in the voltage sequence. Subsequently, fBm is integrated with a fPp to construct a unified stochastic degradation framework capable of jointly describing continuous decay and discrete abrupt variations, enabling multi-step probabilistic prediction with confidence intervals. Validation on the publicly available FCLAB FC1 and FC2 datasets shows that the proposed model achieves superior overall performance under both steady and dynamic conditions, with MAPE/RMSE/R² of 0.027%/0.00178/0.9895 and 0.056%/0.00259/0.9896, respectively, outperforming fBm, Wiener, WTD-RS-LSTM, and CNN-LSTM methods. The proposed approach provides accurate and interpretable degradation forecasting for PEMFC health management and maintenance decision support. Full article

RipP1 is a well-characterized avirulence effector that induces a hypersensitive response (HR) in three tobacco species. However, the molecular mechanisms by which host proteins recognize RipP1 to activate a defense response and modulate host–pathogen interactions remain largely unknown. In this study, we screened a Nicotiana benthamiana cDNA library via yeast two-hybrid assay and identified FRIGIDA-like protein 4a (FRL4a) as a host protein interacting with RipP1. Secondary structure analysis of FRL4a and construction of serial mutants revealed that the ClyA-like domain of FRL4a is the key region mediating its interaction with RipP1. Using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis, we found that the ability of RipP1 to induce HR was significantly attenuated in FRL4a-silenced plants, and RipP1 no longer suppressed the ethylene signaling pathway. Pathogenicity tests by inoculating R. solanacearum on N. benthamiana with different FRL4a expression levels showed enhanced bacterial wilt resistance in FRL4a-silenced plants but increased susceptibility in FRL4a-overexpressing plants. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that RipP1 suppresses the ethylene pathway through its interaction with FRL4a, and FRL4a acts as a negative regulator of tobacco resistance to bacterial wilt. Full article

Background/Objectives: Low-fishmeal diets are widely adopted to improve sustainability in shrimp aquaculture, yet reduced palatability and metabolic stress frequently suppress feed intake and growth. We evaluated whether a crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) by-product protein hydrolysate (CBPH) could mitigate low-fishmeal-induced performance losses by modulating feeding-related metabolic signaling and gut microbiota features in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Methods: In an 8-week feeding trial, 360 juveniles (initial body weight 0.46 g) were assigned to three diets (four replicates per diet): a commercial control (CON), a low-fishmeal diet (LFM), and LFM supplemented with 2% CBPH (CBPH). Growth, feed utilization, whole-body composition, hemolymph biochemical indices (TP, TG, GLU, AST, ALT), intestinal appetite-related gene expression (5-HTR, CART, CCK1R, D2-like, NPY), and intestinal microbiota profiles (full-length 16S rRNA sequencing, V1–V9, PacBio) were assessed. Results: Compared with the LFM group, CBPH supplementation increased feed intake and improved feed conversion, restoring final body weight and growth rates to levels comparable to CON. CBPH also alleviated low-fishmeal-associated metabolic stress, including reduced AST and ALT activities and lower glucose levels. The LFM diet induced upregulation of anorexigenic genes (5-HTR, CART, D2-like) and downregulation of NPY in the shrimp intestine, whereas CBPH supplementation reversed these transcriptional changes. In addition, microbiota richness indices (ACE and Chao1) were elevated by CBPH relative to LFM, accompanied by compositional shifts at the phylum and genus levels. Conclusions: CBPH effectively alleviated low-fishmeal-induced reductions in feeding and growth, accompanied by coordinated changes in feeding-related gene expression, systemic biochemical markers, and gut microbiota composition, supporting its potential as a functional ingredient to stabilize metabolic responses in low-fishmeal shrimp feeds. Full article

This paper proposes a multimodal fusion-based localization state evaluation algorithm for a mobile RF power supply. The algorithm computes the information entropy between point cloud data acquired by the laser sensor on the mobile RF power supply platform and a preconstructed prior grid map; a higher entropy score indicates more accurate localization. Meanwhile, IMU/odometry data fusion is performed by estimating the platform pose from the localization system at consecutive timestamps, and then calculating the differences in Euclidean distance and rotational attitude between this estimated pose and the poses output by the IMU and odometer at the same timestamps. By jointly considering static and dynamic conditions, the laser point cloud matching scores are integrated with the IMU/odometry fusion results to obtain the final localization state evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can accurately characterize the localization state of the intelligent RF power supply positioning system, achieving an evaluation accuracy of 99%. Full article

Spray deposition and coverage within soybean canopies remain critical challenges for achieving effective pesticide applications, particularly under windy conditions. This research investigated the influence of wind speed, boom travel direction relative to wind direction, and nozzle type on droplet deposition, coverage uniformity, canopy penetration, and airflow distributions inside soybean canopies under controlled wind-tunnel airflow. Spray deposition, analyzed using a fluorometric tracer, and coverage, quantified with water-sensitive papers, were assessed in R3-stage soybeans in an 18-m wind tunnel using XR (perpendicular spray) and 3D (38° angle) flat fan nozzles under varying air speeds and boom travel directions in the wind tunnel. Potted plants were placed in the wind tunnel to mimic soybeans grown in field conditions. Droplet sizes of the nozzles were measured using a laser imaging particle sizing system. Airflow velocity and turbulence within the soybean canopy were investigated with a 3-D hot-film anemometer system. The results indicated that wind and boom direction were the main influential factors for spray coverage and deposition. The top canopy position, exposed to the highest air-turbulence intensity, received the greatest deposition, whereas the middle and bottom positions, characterized by lower turbulence, exhibited sharp declines in both deposition and coverage regardless of treatment. The 3D nozzle provided greater coverage and deposition than the XR nozzle only under no-wind conditions; however, under wind conditions, equivalent performance was observed from both nozzles. Therefore, it was essential to incorporate wind conditions and canopy structures into consideration when choosing nozzles to maximize spray penetration and achieve efficient and effective spray applications for soybeans. Full article

Balancing ecological conservation with agricultural production in protected areas remains a critical challenge, particularly regarding the nexus of food, water, land, and ecosystems (FWLE). Yet, the spatiotemporal trade-offs, synergies, and underlying drivers within the FWLE remain poorly understood. Focusing on the Henan Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve (HFMNNR), we quantified water yield (WY), habitat quality (HQ), and food production (FP) using the InVEST model and statistical yearbook data. The XGBoost-SHAP framework was applied to dissect the key drivers and mechanisms governing the FWLE system. Results indicate a significant increasing trend in FP (2000–2020), contrasting with the unimodal (increase-then-decline) trajectories of HQ and WY. Pronounced trade-offs were identified between HQ and WY, and between HQ and FP. Topographic and vegetative factors predominated in shaping the spatial patterns of HQ and FP, whereas climatic factors dictated WY distribution. Specifically, HQ declined when NDVI fell below 0.87, population density surpassed 0.01, or slope was gentler than 7°. WY was constrained when precipitation dropped below 947 mm, actual evapotranspiration exceeded 752 mm, or temperature ranged between 12.5–16.2 °C. FP was suppressed under conditions of slopes > 7°, NDVI within 0–0.61 or 0.61–0.86, or DEM > 373 m. These findings underscore the necessity of spatially explicit management strategies grounded in spatial heterogeneity. We advocate for a multi-objective governance framework centered on HQ to harmonize production and ecological functions. Our findings provide critical insights for formulating policies aimed at sustainably managing protected areas facing similar ecological-production conflicts. Full article

The Xinqiao Cu-S polymetallic deposit is located in the Tongling ore concentration area of the Middle-Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt. The orebodies consist of skarn orebodies and stratiform sulfide orebodies, but the genetic link between them remains controversial. In this study, magnetite was used as a proxy to systematically constrain the hydrothermal evolution from the intrusion to the contact zone and further to the stratiform orebodies. A representative drill hole (E603) was logged, and samples were systematically collected from the Jitou pluton outward to the contact zone. Composite samples from the 8–28 m interval were crushed and prepared as resin mounts for integrated TIMA automated mineralogy, BSE textural observation, and in situ LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis. Five types of magnetite (Mt1 to Mt5) were systematically identified. Mt1 occurs as inclusions within feldspar in the quartz monzodiorite. It exhibits typical magmatic magnetite characteristics and contains grid-like ilmenite exsolution, indicating crystallization during the late magmatic stage. Mt2 is distributed in the interstices of magmatic minerals, commonly showing hematitization and replacement of ilmenite exsolution lamellae by titanite. Its trace element geochemistry displays magmatic–hydrothermal transitional features. Mt3–Mt5 in the skarn and stratiform orebodies are paragenetic with retrograde alteration minerals (e.g., epidote, chlorite, and actinolite) and sulfides, and are characterized by low Ti, Al, and V contents and high Mg, Mn, and Sn contents, indicating a hydrothermal origin. From Mt3 to Mt5, (Ti + V) and (Al + Mn) decrease, while Zn and Mn increase, accompanied by a decrease in the (Si + Al)/(Mg + Mn) ratio. This reflects a trend of decreasing fluid temperature and progressively enhanced wall-rock buffering. The Mg-in-magnetite geothermometer yields relatively consistent results for Mt1–Mt3, but anomalously high temperatures for Mt4–Mt5. This suggests that the elevated Mg activity in the fluid, caused by reaction with carbonate wall rocks, can significantly influence the calculated temperatures. Therefore, this geothermometer should be used cautiously for magnetite in the outer skarn zone and interpreted in combination with other temperature constraints. The textures, paragenetic mineral assemblages, and trace element characteristics of magnetite collectively reveal a continuous mineralization process linking the skarn and stratiform orebodies at Xinqiao, providing robust mineralogical and geochemical evidence for the contribution of Yanshanian magmatic–hydrothermal activity to the stratiform mineralization. Full article

Ultrasound (US) imaging is a widely used diagnostic method in clinics. Real-time-generated US images are used for rapid diagnosis without harm to patients. The quality of US imaging highly depends on the skill of the physician due to the differences among physicians. Techniques for autonomous robotic ultrasound (AU-RUS) acquisitions are expected to become an effective means to improve the level of US diagnosis, reduce the workload of physicians, and improve the standardization of US imaging quality. This paper aims to summarize the current research status of techniques for AU-RUS acquisitions, and to discuss the research trends and challenges regarding related technologies. Firstly, the techniques for AU-RUS acquisitions and systems are outlined. The techniques for teleoperated or autonomous US acquisitions are briefly discussed. Representative RUS acquisition systems are introduced. Then, the current research status of AU-RUS acquisitions is reviewed from four research directions: force sensitivity and control, scanning path-planning and positioning, US treatment guidance, and US image processing technology and quality assessment optimization. This review provides a decision-oriented autonomy perspective by mapping typical methods to workflow components across the stages of perception, decision-making, and execution. We identify major deployment bottlenecks, including safety-verifiable autonomy and failure recovery, motion compensation under deformation, and the lack of standardized, clinically meaningful US image quality metrics. Finally, the shortcomings of current research are summarized and analyzed, and the research trends and challenges for AU-RUS acquisitions are prospected. Full article

Background: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria and inadequate vaccine coverage against opportunistic pathogens highlight the need for interventions that broadly and durably enhance host defense beyond antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Trained immunity, driven by metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells, has been predominantly characterized using Bacille Calmette–Guérin and β-glucan, whereas its induction by Gram-negative bacteria remains poorly defined. To address this gap, we aimed to determine whether heat-killed Klebsiella pneumoniae (HK Kp) induces trained immunity through metabolic and hematopoietic reprogramming to confer heterologous antibacterial protection. Methods: HK Kp-trained murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and HK Kp-immunized C57BL/6 mice were employed to interrogate functional, metabolic, and transcriptomic reprogramming in vitro, hematopoietic progenitor remodeling in vivo, and protective efficacy against systemic Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus infection. Results: HK Kp-trained macrophages showed markedly enhanced IL-1β secretion across all restimulation conditions, stimulus-dependent amplification of TNF-α responses, increased phagocytosis, and improved intracellular control of S. typhimurium, together with sustained upregulation of the glycolytic enzymes-encoding genes Hk2 and Pfkfb3. Transcriptomic profiling revealed extensive reprogramming enriched in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and hematopoietic cell lineage pathways. In vivo, HK Kp immunization shifted bone marrow stem/progenitor compartments toward a myeloid-biased state. HK Kp-trained mice challenged with lethal S. typhimurium or S. aureus exhibited less weight loss, improved survival rates, and reduced bacterial burdens. Conclusions: Inactivated K. pneumoniae orchestrates metabolic and hematopoietic reprogramming to establish enhanced innate immune responsiveness and confer heterologous protection in murine S. typhimurium and S. aureus sepsis models, supporting its potential as a potent inducer of trained immunity. These findings establish HK Kp-based trained immunity as a promising strategy for combating multidrug-resistant and vaccine-evading pathogens. Full article

This study focuses on the performance evaluation of publicly funded agricultural research projects in a structured tabular-data setting characterized by small sample size and heterogeneous features. We construct a project-level performance evaluation dataset covering 24 provincial agricultural research institutions in China, with $n=280$ samples. The target variable is the project self-evaluation score, reflecting overall annual target completion rather than a fixed explicit transformation of the input indicators. To address the limitations of manual evaluation—including subjectivity, poor inter-rater consistency, and potential bias—we propose Light-TabNet, which enhances the model’s fitting capability in small-sample scenarios while preserving interpretability. Interpretability is achieved through sparse decision masks and aggregated feature-attribution analysis, with partial cross-model support from comparison with XGBoost-SHAP rankings. Compared with 13 deep learning and traditional machine learning baselines, Light-TabNet achieves improved accuracy in terms of mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) (MAE 4.9765, RMSE 8.8140, $R^2$ 0.8891). In a preliminary real-world validation on eight projects from a provincial agricultural research institution, the model’s predicted scores were overall close to ratings provided by a third-party organization, suggesting preliminary practical usefulness in a similar management setting. The results suggest that Light-TabNet can serve as a decision-support tool for the performance evaluation of publicly funded agricultural research projects by providing an objective, traceable, and interpretable quantitative reference. Full article

This study investigates the operation of an air source heat pump (ASHP) working with combined radiant floor (RF) and fan coil unit (FCU) heating systems in hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) regions. Intermittent heating demands and ASHP sensitivity to supply water temperature in these regions lead to insufficient steady-state assumptions, while experimental evidence on transient heating behavior, thermal comfort development, and operational limits remains limited. In this study, experiments were conducted to analyze six supply water temperatures (ranging from 35 °C to 45 °C) with respect to the system’s dynamic thermal response, vertical air temperature difference, floor surface temperature, power consumption, and coefficient of performance (COP). The results show that start-up heating is dominated by FCU convection, causing pronounced vertical temperature stratification, while radiant heat becomes dominant as the system approaches steady operation. A good vertical air temperature difference with respect to breathing zones and ankle-level temperature differences below 2 °C was achieved after sufficient operating time. Increasing the supply water temperature accelerated the heating response, where the time required for the average indoor temperature to reach 18 °C decreased from 5.5 h at 35 °C to 2.2 h at 45 °C. However, this improvement was accompanied by reduced energy efficiency, with the mean ASHP unit COP declining from 2.5 to 2.3. Excessively high supply temperatures further induced premature indoor overheating and the frequent start–stop cycling of the heat pump, thereby limiting thermal benefits and increasing power demand. These findings provide experimentally grounded insight into the operation and performance limits of ASHP RF–FCU heating systems. Full article

E-commerce platforms are increasingly adopting cross-platform targeted advertising strategies, and the design of such strategies warrants attention. Focusing on cooperation between e-commerce and social media platforms, this study considers targeting precision, advertising intensity, privacy concerns and social utility on the effectiveness of targeted advertising. Using a game-theoretic model, we examine the decision between single- and cross-platform for e-commerce platforms in fully and partially overlapping user groups. The main findings indicate that (1) the social utility of social media platforms is a key factor in implementing cross-platform targeted advertising; (2) cross-platform targeted advertising is not always the optimal choice for e-commerce platforms; and (3) low-precision cross-platform strategy achieves three-party optimum in fully and partially overlapping user groups. The implications of the main findings include: (1) e-commerce platforms should prudently use social media platforms instead of relying excessively on their traffic; (2) e-commerce platforms should not regard cross-platform cooperation as the default option but as a differentiated, situation-specific decision; and (3) e-commerce platforms should promote co-creation of value and proprietary data accumulation when cooperating with social media platforms. The findings can help e-commerce platforms to choose proper targeted advertising strategy in practice. This study also provides a theoretical supplement for cross-platform targeted advertising research. Full article

The Wigner operator’s normal ordering form is deduced by using the method of integration within the ordered product of operators, and the operator’s Weyl ordering symbol is employed. The integration theory within the Weyl ordering product of operators is applied, and the Wigner operator’s Weyl ordering form is deduced. Then, the Wigner operator’s slice theorem is proposed, which helps project and display a new pure-state density operator. Thus, the quantization of classical tomography theory is realized. We illustrate the derivation of the bi- and tri-partite entangled state representations, respectively, which completes the argument. Full article