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Search Results (5)

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Keywords = Digital Outcrop Model (DOM)

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24 pages, 13459 KB  
Article
Holocene Deformations at the Po Plain–Southern Alps Transition (Lake Maggiore, Italy): Inferences on Glacially vs. Tectonic-Induced Origin
by Niccolò Menegoni, Matteo Maino, Giovanni Toscani, Lucia Isabella Mordeglia, Gianfranco Valle and Cesare Perotti
Geosciences 2023, 13(9), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13090286 - 21 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2470
Abstract
The investigation of deformations in Quaternary deposits holds primary importance in understanding recent geological history and natural hazards in highly populated areas, such as the Po Plain. While civil excavations and trenches possess the potential to be pivotal in identifying and characterizing these [...] Read more.
The investigation of deformations in Quaternary deposits holds primary importance in understanding recent geological history and natural hazards in highly populated areas, such as the Po Plain. While civil excavations and trenches possess the potential to be pivotal in identifying and characterizing these deformations, they often remain underused due to the stringent regulation framework and timetables governing civil construction works. In this study, we demonstrate how digital photogrammetry and digital outcrop modelling (DOM) are useful techniques for obtaining a permanent digital representation of a trench situated in Castelletto Ticino (Po Plain–Southern Alps transition). This trench exhibits Holocene deformational structures: (i) an overall tilting of sedimentary deposits towards the SW; (ii) folds with a NE–SW trend; (iii) slumping and other soft-sediment deformations structures; and (iv) reverse faults with NE–SW and NW–SE directions. Using radiocarbon and archeological dating, we are able to confidently constrain the age of these deformations to between 8760 and 400 years BC, suggesting recent tectonic activity related to buried thrust faults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cryosphere)
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15 pages, 24468 KB  
Article
Digital Outcrop Model Generation from Hybrid UAV and Panoramic Imaging Systems
by Alysson Soares Aires, Ademir Marques Junior, Daniel Capella Zanotta, André Luiz Durante Spigolon, Mauricio Roberto Veronez and Luiz Gonzaga
Remote Sens. 2022, 14(16), 3994; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163994 - 17 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2682
Abstract
The study of outcrops in geosciences is being significantly improved by the enhancement of technologies that aims to build digital outcrop models (DOMs). Usually, the virtual environment is built by a collection of partially overlapped photographs taken from diverse perspectives, frequently using unmanned [...] Read more.
The study of outcrops in geosciences is being significantly improved by the enhancement of technologies that aims to build digital outcrop models (DOMs). Usually, the virtual environment is built by a collection of partially overlapped photographs taken from diverse perspectives, frequently using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). However, in situations including very steep features or even sub-vertical patterns, incomplete coverage of objects is expected. This work proposes an integration framework that uses terrestrial spherical panoramic images (SPI), acquired by omnidirectional fusion camera, and a UAV survey to overcome gaps left by traditional mapping in complex natural structures, such as outcrops. The omnidirectional fusion camera produces wider field of view images from different perspectives, which are able to considerably improve the representation of the DOM, mainly where the UAV has geometric view restrictions. We designed controlled experiments to guarantee the equivalent performance of SPI compared with UAV. The adaptive integration is accomplished through an optimized selective strategy based on an octree framework. The quality of the 3D model generated using this approach was assessed by quantitative and qualitative indicators. The results show the potential of generating a more reliable 3D model using SPI allied with UAV image data while reducing field survey time and complexity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology)
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27 pages, 29791 KB  
Article
An Open-Source Algorithm for 3D ROck Slope Kinematic Analysis (ROKA)
by Niccolò Menegoni, Daniele Giordan and Cesare Perotti
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1698; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041698 - 14 Feb 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 7213
Abstract
The Markland test is one of the most diffused and adopted methods of kinematic analysis for the identification of critical intersections of rock discontinuities that could generate rock failures. Traditionally, the kinematic analysis is based on the use of a stereographic approach that [...] Read more.
The Markland test is one of the most diffused and adopted methods of kinematic analysis for the identification of critical intersections of rock discontinuities that could generate rock failures. Traditionally, the kinematic analysis is based on the use of a stereographic approach that is able to identify the critical combination between the orientations of discontinuities and the rock wall. The recent improvements in the use of Digital Outcrop Models (DOMs) created the conditions for the development of a new automatized approach. We present ROck Slope Kinematic Analysis (ROKA) which is an open-source algorithm aimed at performing the Kinematic Analysis using the discontinuity measures collected onto a 3D DOM. The presented algorithm is able to make a local identification of the possible critical combination between the identified discontinuities and the orientation of the slope. Using this approach, the algorithm is able to identify on the slope the presence of critical combinations according to the traditional kinematic analysis of planar failure, flexural toppling, wedge failure, and direct toppling modes of failures and then visualize them on DOMs. In this way, the traditional approach is more effective and can be adopted for a more detailed analysis of large and complex areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Jointed Rock Mass Structural Analysis and Evaluation of Rockfall Potential)
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25 pages, 21330 KB  
Article
Reliability and Uncertainties of the Analysis of an Unstable Rock Slope Performed on RPAS Digital Outcrop Models: The Case of the Gallivaggio Landslide (Western Alps, Italy)
by Niccolò Menegoni, Daniele Giordan and Cesare Perotti
Remote Sens. 2020, 12(10), 1635; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12101635 - 20 May 2020
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 4675
Abstract
A stability investigation based on Digital Outcrop Models (DOMs) acquired in emergency conditions by photogrammetric surveys based on Remote Piloted Aerial System (RPAS) was conducted on an unstable rock slope near Gallivaggio (Western Alps, Italy). The predicted mechanism of failure and volume of [...] Read more.
A stability investigation based on Digital Outcrop Models (DOMs) acquired in emergency conditions by photogrammetric surveys based on Remote Piloted Aerial System (RPAS) was conducted on an unstable rock slope near Gallivaggio (Western Alps, Italy). The predicted mechanism of failure and volume of the unstable portion of the slope were successively verified on the DOMs acquired after the rockfall that effectively collapsed the May 29th, 2018. The comparison of the pre- and post-landslide 3D models shows that the estimated mode of failure was substantially correct. At the same time, the predicted volume of rock involved in the landslide was overestimated by around 10%. To verify if this error was due to the limited accuracy of the models georeferenced in emergency considering only the Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Measurement Unit (GNSS/IMU)-information of RPAS, several Ground Control Points (GCPs) were acquired after the failure. The analyses indicate that the instrumental error in the volume calculation due to the direct-georeferencing method is only of the 1.7%. In contrast, the significant part is due to the geological uncertainty in the reconstruction of the real irregular geometry of the invisible part of the failure surface. The results, however, confirm the satisfying relative accuracy of the direct-georeferenced DOMs, compatible with most geological and geoengineering purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of UAVs in Geo-Engineering for Hazard Observation)
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16 pages, 6237 KB  
Article
Analysis by UAV Digital Photogrammetry of Folds and Related Fractures in the Monte Antola Flysch Formation (Ponte Organasco, Italy)
by Niccolò Menegoni, Claudia Meisina, Cesare Perotti and Matteo Crozi
Geosciences 2018, 8(8), 299; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080299 - 9 Aug 2018
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 6085
Abstract
The deformation structures (folds and fractures) affecting Monte Antola flysch formation in the area of Ponte Organasco (Northern Apennines-Italy) were analyzed by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Digital Photogrammetry (UAVDP). This technique allowed the realization of Digital Outcrop Models (DOMs) interpreted in a stereoscopic environment [...] Read more.
The deformation structures (folds and fractures) affecting Monte Antola flysch formation in the area of Ponte Organasco (Northern Apennines-Italy) were analyzed by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Digital Photogrammetry (UAVDP). This technique allowed the realization of Digital Outcrop Models (DOMs) interpreted in a stereoscopic environment by collecting a large number of digital structural measures (strata, fractures and successively fold axes and axial planes). In particular, by UAVDP was possible to analyze the relationships between folds and fractures all along the study structures. The structural analysis revealed the presence of a series of NE-vergent folds characterized by a typical Apenninic trend and affected by four main sets of fractures. Fractures are always sub-orthogonal to the bedding, maintains constant angular relationships with the bedding and seems linked to the folding deformation. The study shows that the UAVDP technique can overcome the main limitations of field structural analysis such as the scarce presence and the inaccessibility (total or partial) of rock outcrops and allows for acquiring images of rock outcrops at a detailed scale from user-inaccessible positions and different points of view and analyze inaccessible parts of outcrops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Geophysics)
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