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Keywords = Conidiobolus heterosporus

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12 pages, 593 KB  
Article
Microbial Fermentation of the Water-Soluble Fraction of Brewers’ Spent Grain for the Production of High-Value Fatty Acids
by Stefano Serra, Paola D’Arrigo, Letizia Anna Maria Rossato and Eleonora Ruffini
Fermentation 2023, 9(12), 1008; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9121008 - 7 Dec 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3272
Abstract
Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) constitutes the primary by-product of the brewing industry. The valorization of BSG from a circular economy perspective is of high industrial interest. The objective of this study was the exploitation of BSG for the microbial production of branched-chain fatty [...] Read more.
Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) constitutes the primary by-product of the brewing industry. The valorization of BSG from a circular economy perspective is of high industrial interest. The objective of this study was the exploitation of BSG for the microbial production of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), representing two different classes of high-value fatty acids (FAs). In the present study, this waste material underwent treatment with hot water in an autoclave and the resultant extract was utilized for the preparation of a novel liquid medium (BSG medium) to be employed for microbial fermentation. Screening and subsequent scaling-up experiments confirmed the suitability of the BSG medium to support the microbial production of various high-value FAs. In particular, Streptomyces jeddahensis and Conidiobolus heterosporus could be employed for BCFAs production, Pythium ultimum and Mortierella alpina could be used to provide cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), whereas Mucor circinelloides, when grown in a BSG medium, was able to accumulate γ-linolenic acid (GLA). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Bioconversion of Biomass to Value-Added Products)
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11 pages, 1060 KB  
Communication
Branched-Chain Fatty Acids as Mediators of the Activation of Hepatic Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha by a Fungal Lipid Extract
by Garima Maheshwari, Robert Ringseis, Gaiping Wen, Denise K. Gessner, Johanna Rost, Marco A. Fraatz, Holger Zorn and Klaus Eder
Biomolecules 2020, 10(9), 1259; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10091259 - 31 Aug 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4168
Abstract
The study aimed to test the hypothesis that monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and a lipid extract of Conidiobolus heterosporus (CHLE), rich in monomethyl BCFAs, are able to activate the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Rat Fao cells were incubated [...] Read more.
The study aimed to test the hypothesis that monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and a lipid extract of Conidiobolus heterosporus (CHLE), rich in monomethyl BCFAs, are able to activate the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Rat Fao cells were incubated with the monomethyl BCFAs 12-methyltridecanoic acid (MTriA), 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (MTA), isopalmitic acid (IPA) and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid (MHD), and the direct activation of PPARalpha was evaluated by reporter gene assay using a PPARalpha responsive reporter gene. Furthermore, Fao cells were incubated with different concentrations of the CHLE and PPARalpha activation was also evaluated by using the reporter gene assay, and by determining the mRNA concentrations of selected PPARalpha target genes by real-time RT-PCR. The reporter gene assay revealed that IPA and the CHLE, but not MTriA, MHD and MTA, activate the PPARalpha responsive reporter gene. CHLE dose-dependently increased mRNA concentrations of the PPARalpha target genes acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX1), cytochrome P450 4A1 (CYP4A1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and solute carrier family 22 (organic cation/carnitine transporter), member 5 (SLC22A5). In conclusion, the monomethyl BCFA IPA is a potent PPARalpha activator. CHLE activates PPARalpha-dependent gene expression in Fao cells, an effect that is possibly mediated by IPA. Full article
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