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Background: Industry 4.0 technologies have been widely used in the railway industry, focusing mainly on maintenance and control tasks necessary in the railway infrastructure. Given the great potential that these technologies offer, the scientific community has come to use them in varied ways to solve a wide range of problems such as train failures, train station security, rail system control and communication in hard-to-reach areas, among others. For this reason, this paper aims to answer the following research questions: what are the main issues in the railway transport industry, what are the technologic strategies that are currently being used to solve these issues and what are the technologies from industry 4.0 that are used in the railway transport industry to solve the aforementioned issues? Methods: This study adopts a systematic literature review approach. We searched the Science Direct and Web of Science database inception from January 2017 to November 2021. Studies published in conferences or journals written in English or Spanish were included for initial process evaluation. The initial included papers were analyzed by authors and selected based on whether they helped answer the proposed research questions or not. Results: Of the recovered 515 articles, 109 were eligible, from which we could identify three main application domains in the railway industry: monitoring, decision and planification techniques, and communication and security. Regarding industry 4.0 technologies, we identified 9 different technologies applied in reviewed studies: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing, Big Data, Cybersecurity, Modelling and Simulation, Smart Decision Support Systems (SDSS), Computer Vision and Virtual Reality (VR). This study is, to our knowledge, one of the first to show how industry 4.0 technologies are currently being used to tackle railway industry problems and current application trends in the scientific community, which is highly useful for the development of future studies and more advanced solutions. Funding: Colombian national organizations Minciencias and the Mining-Energy Planning Unit. Full article

Correlation of different segments of society is a major function of mass media and works by broadening individual’s perspectives and creating common ground between these different segments Little is known about how consensus building works in the networked, digital environment or how it works in Latin America. This study explores the premise on a social media page from a digital-native news organization in Colombia, La Silla Vacía, on the salient issue of Venezuela. It found that the news organization did provide a common ground within its comments, bringing men and women closer together in consensus (r_s = 0.76, n = 10, p < 0.05) of the priorities of topics relating to Venezuela (substantive attributes). The study did not find a significant correlation between the topics prioritized by the posts and the topics prioritized by the comments. Audiences focus on Venezuela in relation to the local Colombian presidential election while the news organization focused on the country in relation to refugees and the political transition happening in Venezuela. Full article