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Keywords = Aerolizer

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3 pages, 172 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Errors in the Administration of Single-Dose Dry Powder Inhalers in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
by Rui Cintra and Ana Paula Fontes
Proceedings 2024, 99(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024099005 - 10 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1000
Abstract
Checking the effect of a therapeutic education program on the number of errors during the use of two single-dose dry powder inhalers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and whether there are differences in the number and type of errors in inhalation [...] Read more.
Checking the effect of a therapeutic education program on the number of errors during the use of two single-dose dry powder inhalers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and whether there are differences in the number and type of errors in inhalation technique after an education session, between the Aerolizer® and Handihaler® inhalers, validated using a specific checklist. The sample included 24 users, 17 men and 7 women, with an average age of 68 ± 11 years. It was found, for all the usual significance levels, that the education program contributed to a reduction in errors in administration procedures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of VII Poster Sunset Session—ESSUAlg 2024)
19 pages, 344 KiB  
Review
High-Dose Nebulized Colistin Methanesulfonate and the Role in Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria with Difficult-to-Treat Resistance: A Review
by Ilias Karaiskos, Aikaterini Gkoufa, Elena Polyzou, Georgios Schinas, Zoe Athanassa and Karolina Akinosoglou
Microorganisms 2023, 11(6), 1459; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061459 - 31 May 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4738
Abstract
Hospital-acquired pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) due to difficult-to-treat-resistant (DTR) Gram-negative bacteria, contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in ICUs. In the era of COVID-19, the incidences of secondary nosocomial pneumonia and the demand for invasive mechanical ventilation have increased dramatically with extremely [...] Read more.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) due to difficult-to-treat-resistant (DTR) Gram-negative bacteria, contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in ICUs. In the era of COVID-19, the incidences of secondary nosocomial pneumonia and the demand for invasive mechanical ventilation have increased dramatically with extremely high attributable mortality. Treatment options for DTR pathogens are limited. Therefore, an increased interest in high-dose nebulized colistin methanesulfonate (CMS), defined as a nebulized dose above 6 million IU (MIU), has come into sight. Herein, the authors present the available modern knowledge regarding high-dose nebulized CMS and current information on pharmacokinetics, clinical studies, and toxicity issues. A brief report on types of nebulizers is also analyzed. High-dose nebulized CMS was administrated as an adjunctive and substitutive strategy. High-dose nebulized CMS up to 15 MIU was attributed with a clinical outcome of 63%. High-dose nebulized CMS administration offers advantages in terms of efficacy against DTR Gram-negative bacteria, a favorable safety profile, and improved pharmacokinetics in the treatment of VAP. However, due to the heterogeneity of studies and small sample population, the apparent benefit in clinical outcomes must be proven in large-scale trials to lead to the optimal use of high-dose nebulized CMS. Full article
17 pages, 20909 KiB  
Article
Palynological Study of Weed Flora from Potohar Plateau
by Anwer Usma, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Zafar, Shazia Sultana, Fazal Ullah, Saddam Saqib, Asma Ayaz and Wajid Zaman
Agronomy 2022, 12(10), 2500; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102500 - 13 Oct 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3310
Abstract
The pollen morphology of weeds was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A morpho-palynological investigation of 18 species of weeds that belongs to 16 angiosperms families was performed using SEM to document distinguishable microscopic features. The main objective of the present study was [...] Read more.
The pollen morphology of weeds was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A morpho-palynological investigation of 18 species of weeds that belongs to 16 angiosperms families was performed using SEM to document distinguishable microscopic features. The main objective of the present study was to provide basic knowledge about morpho-palynological features of weed species that helps delimit the weed flora of the Potohar Plateau. The results show diversity among the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pollen shape, equatorial and polar axis diameter, the exine’s thickness, and the exine’s surface ornamentation. The pollen grains were spherical, prolate-spheroidal, oblate-spheroidal, and sub-oblate. The exine ornamentation in most species was reticulate, scarbate, aerolate, faveolate, reticulate-perforate, and reticulate-scabrate. All the species described possessed tricolpate pollen. The variations found in the thickness of the exine and other characters were helpful at the genus and species-specific levels. In accordance with these variations, a taxonomic key was prepared using these characteristics to identify and differentiate weed plant species. SEM images of pollen grains can help delimit the taxa to the species level. This study provides baseline information to distinguish the species of weeds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Plant Taxonomy and Floristic Studies)
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11 pages, 6968 KiB  
Article
Dry Powder Formulation of Simvastatin Nanoparticles for Potential Application in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
by Shalaleh Zendehdel Baher, Shadi Yaqoubi, Kofi Asare-Addo, Hamed Hamishehkar and Ali Nokhodchi
Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(5), 895; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14050895 - 20 Apr 2022
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4887
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that simvastatin could be used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study is intended to formulate a simvastatin nanoparticle dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulation. Simvastatin nanoparticles were prepared via an emulsification and homogenization-extrusion method, followed by spray drying [...] Read more.
It has been hypothesized that simvastatin could be used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study is intended to formulate a simvastatin nanoparticle dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulation. Simvastatin nanoparticles were prepared via an emulsification and homogenization-extrusion method, followed by spray drying of the colloidal suspension of simvastatin nanoparticles containing mannitol to get it into a respirable size. Particle size distribution, morphology, and crystallinity of the fabricated nanoparticles of the obtained microparticles for DPI formulation were assessed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD), respectively. Aerosolization performance of the DPI formulation was assessed by the Next Generation Impactor (NGI) equipped with an Aerolizer®. Simvastatin nanoparticles were around 100 nm with a very narrow size distribution (PDI = 0.105). The X-ray diffraction pattern revealed that the crystallinity of simvastatin was decreased by the spray drying procedure. Microscopic images displayed that gathered nanoparticles were in the suitable inhalable range and had the appropriate shape and surface properties for pulmonary delivery. Aerosolization assessment by the NGI indicated a suitable inhalation performance (fine particle fraction of 20%). In conclusion, the results confirmed that the spray drying technique for simvastatin can be optimized to obtain simvastatin aggregated nanoparticles without any coarse carrier to be used in DPI formulation for better deposition of the drug in the lungs for local treatment of PAH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Delivery Systems for Asthma and Pulmonary Diseases)
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16 pages, 3709 KiB  
Article
Roflumilast Powders for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Formulation Design and the Influence of Device, Inhalation Flow Rate, and Storage Relative Humidity on Aerosolization
by Mohammad A. M. Momin, Bishal Raj Adhikari, Shubhra Sinha, Ian Larson and Shyamal C. Das
Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(8), 1254; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081254 - 13 Aug 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4542
Abstract
Roflumilast is currently administered orally to control acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, side effects such as gastrointestinal disturbance and weight loss have limited its application. This work aimed to develop an inhalable roflumilast formulation to reduce the dose and [...] Read more.
Roflumilast is currently administered orally to control acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, side effects such as gastrointestinal disturbance and weight loss have limited its application. This work aimed to develop an inhalable roflumilast formulation to reduce the dose and potentially circumvent the associated toxicity. Roflumilast was cospray-dried with trehalose and L-leucine with varied feed concentrations and spray-gas flow rates to produce the desired dry powder. A Next-Generation Impactor (NGI) was used to assess the aerosolization efficiency. In addition, different devices (Aerolizer, Rotahaler, and Handihaler) and flow rates were used to investigate their effects on the aerosolization efficiency. A cytotoxicity assay was also performed. The powders produced under optimized conditions were partially amorphous and had low moisture content. The powders showed good dispersibility, as evident by the high emitted dose (>88%) and fine particle fraction (>52%). At all flow rates (≥30 L/min), the Aerolizer offered the best aerosolization. The formulation exhibited stable aerosolization after storage at 25 °C/15% Relative Humidity (RH) for one month. Moreover, the formulation was non-toxic to alveolar basal epithelial cells. A potential inhalable roflumilast formulation including L-leucine and trehalose has been developed for the treatment of COPD. This study also suggests that the choice of device is crucial to achieve the desired aerosol performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dry Powders for Inhalation: Formulation Design and Quality Assessment)
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7 pages, 328 KiB  
Article
Zmienność szczytowego przepływu wdechowego (PIF) na zastawkach imitujących opory inhalatorów proszkowych w zaostrzeniu astmy i POChP
by Marcin Grabowski, Wojciech Barg, Beata Chmielowicz, Agnieszka Kopeć and Bernard Panaszek
Adv. Respir. Med. 2007, 75(4), 324-330; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.27955 - 26 Oct 2007
Viewed by 598
Abstract
Introduction: Drugs used in asthma or COPD exacerbation are delivered to the lungs by inhalation. This is facilitated, among other factors, by the use of dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Lung deposition from DPI depends predominantly on peak inspiratory flow (PIF). The aim [...] Read more.
Introduction: Drugs used in asthma or COPD exacerbation are delivered to the lungs by inhalation. This is facilitated, among other factors, by the use of dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Lung deposition from DPI depends predominantly on peak inspiratory flow (PIF). The aim of the study was to asses the variability of PIF generated by patients using different types of DPI inhalers during asthma or COPD exacerbation and to trace possible relationships between PIF value and some spirometric values. Material and methods: There were 28 patient fulfilling inclusion criteria, among them 17 (4 women) were suffering from COPD and 11 (8 women) from asthma. Spirometry, PEF and PIF measurements were performed in the first and the last day of hospitalisation. Peek inspiratory flow was obtained using In-Check DIAL—a device which simulated airflow resistances equivalent to Turbuhaler, Diskus and Aeroliser respectively. Results: The significant improvement in PIF was observed only in patients with COPD. There were no statistically significant correlations between PIF and both FEV1 and PEF except those in the first day of hospitalization in COPD patients (r = 0.66–0.81). Optimal PIF was achieved in all patients only with Diskus. Conclusions: Measurements of peek inspiratory flow are useful in choosing the most suitable DPI for patients with COPD and asthma exacerbations. We conclude that in those patients, PIF measurement should complement a standard spirometry Full article
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