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Keywords = 4-vinylcatechol

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19 pages, 2435 KB  
Article
Characterization of Colorants Formed by Non-Enzymatic Browning Reactions of Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives
by Leon Valentin Bork, Sascha Rohn and Clemens Kanzler
Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7564; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217564 - 4 Nov 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4229
Abstract
The browning of plant-based food is commonly understood to result from the enzymatic polymerization of phenolic compounds to pigments, called melanin. However, during the thermal treatment of food, enzymes are deactivated, and non-enzymatic reactions predominate. The extent of the contribution of phenolic compounds [...] Read more.
The browning of plant-based food is commonly understood to result from the enzymatic polymerization of phenolic compounds to pigments, called melanin. However, during the thermal treatment of food, enzymes are deactivated, and non-enzymatic reactions predominate. The extent of the contribution of phenolic compounds to these non-enzymatic reactions has been speculated (“melanin-like vs. melanoidin-like”), but the literature is limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the heat-induced reactions of caffeic acid (CA), para-coumaric acid (CS), ferulic acid (FA), hydrocaffeic acid (HC), and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (CGA) under dry conditions. The model systems were characterized by color formation, reactant conversion, and antioxidant properties. Reaction products were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Decarboxylation could be classified as the driving force for the observed color formation and was significantly impacted by the substitution of the aromatic system. Reaction products were found to contribute to an increase in the antioxidant properties of the model systems. The oligomers described in this study could be incorporated into food melanoidins, contributing to the color and antioxidant properties observed in roasted food rich in phenolic compounds, such as coffee or cocoa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Colorants)
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19 pages, 8347 KB  
Article
Optimization of Sulfonated Polycatechol:PEDOT Energy Storage Performance by the Morphology Control
by Anatoliy A. Vereshchagin, Vasiliy V. Potapenkov, Petr S. Vlasov, Daniil A. Lukyanov and Oleg V. Levin
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(11), 1917; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12111917 - 3 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2852
Abstract
Anionic catechol-containing polymers represent a promising class of functional dopants for the capacity improvement of conductive polymers. For example, sulfonated poly(vinylcatechol) SPVC with outstanding theoretical capacity was used as a dopant for poly(ethylenedixythiophene) (PEDOT) conductive polymer, increasing its energy storage performance. However, such [...] Read more.
Anionic catechol-containing polymers represent a promising class of functional dopants for the capacity improvement of conductive polymers. For example, sulfonated poly(vinylcatechol) SPVC with outstanding theoretical capacity was used as a dopant for poly(ethylenedixythiophene) (PEDOT) conductive polymer, increasing its energy storage performance. However, such materials suffer from insufficient utilization of the theoretical capacity of SPVC originating from non-optimal morphology. In the present study, we performed systematic optimization of the composition and morphology of the PEDOT:SPVC material as a function of the deposition parameters to overcome this problem. As a result, a capacity of 95 mAh·g−1 was achieved in a thin film demonstrating considerable electrochemical stability: 75% capacity retention after 100 cycles and 57% after 1000 cycles. Since the capacity was found to suffer from thickness limitation, a nanocomposite of PEDOT:SPVC and single-walled carbon nanotubes with high PEDOT:SPVC loading was fabricated, yielding the capacitance 178 F·g−1 or 89 F·cm−2. The capacity values exceed non-optimized film twofold for thin film and 1.33 times for nanocomposite with carbon nanotubes. The obtained results demonstrate the importance of fine-tuning of the composition and morphology of the PEDOT:SPVC materials to ensure optimal interactions between the redox/anionic and conductive components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Nanostructured Materials—from Synthesis to Applications)
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