Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 

Saved Queries

Sign in to use this feature.

Search Filter Reset All

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Subjects Reset
Select Subjects

Journals

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Journals Reset
Select Journals

Article Types

remove_circle_outline
Add Article Types Reset
Select Article Types

Countries / Regions

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
Add Countries / Regions Reset
Select Countries / Regions
Update Search
share announcement

Search Results (5)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = α-methylstyrene/styrene resin

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
18 pages, 3842 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Effect of Resins of Different Origin on the Structure, Dynamics and Curing Characteristics of SBR Compounds
by Michele Pierigé, Francesca Nardelli, Lucia Calucci, Mattia Cettolin, Luca Giannini, Andrea Causa, Francesca Martini and Marco Geppi
Polymers 2024, 16(6), 834; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16060834 - 18 Mar 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1889
Abstract
The replacement of synthetic and petroleum-based ingredients with greener alternatives of natural origin is an imperative issue in rubber technology for the tire industry. In this study, a glycerin-esterified maleated rosin resin, derived from natural resources, is examined as a potential tackifier in [...] Read more.
The replacement of synthetic and petroleum-based ingredients with greener alternatives of natural origin is an imperative issue in rubber technology for the tire industry. In this study, a glycerin-esterified maleated rosin resin, derived from natural resources, is examined as a potential tackifier in styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) formulations. A comparison is made with two synthetic resins commonly used as tackifiers in tire manufacturing: a petroleum-derived aromatic resin and a phenolic resin. Specifically, this research investigates how these resins affect the structure, dynamics, and curing characteristics of SBR compounds, which are strictly related to the mechanical and technological properties of the final products. Moving die rheometer and equilibrium swelling experiments are employed to analyze vulcanization kinetics and crosslink density, which are differently influenced by the different resins. Information on the polymer–resin compatibility is gained by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamo-mechanical analysis, while solid-state NMR methods offer insights into the structure and dynamics of both cured and uncured SBR compounds at the molecular level. Overall, our analysis shows that the resin of vegetal origin has a comparable impact on the SBR compound to that observed for the synthetic resins and could be further tested for industrial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Spectroscopy Methods in Polymer-Based Materials Analysis and Characterization)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 1586 KiB  
Article
Influence of Resins on the Structure and Dynamics of SBR Compounds: A Solid-State NMR Study
by Michele Pierigé, Francesca Nerli, Francesca Nardelli, Lucia Calucci, Mattia Cettolin, Luca Giannini, Marco Geppi and Francesca Martini
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1939; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031939 - 2 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3128
Abstract
The tackifying effect of resins used in the tire industry highly depends on the compatibility and interaction strength with the rubber matrix. Here, uncured and cured styrene/butadiene rubber compounds, either in the presence or absence of a hydrocarbon aromatic tackifying resin, were studied [...] Read more.
The tackifying effect of resins used in the tire industry highly depends on the compatibility and interaction strength with the rubber matrix. Here, uncured and cured styrene/butadiene rubber compounds, either in the presence or absence of a hydrocarbon aromatic tackifying resin, were studied by means of high-resolution and time-domain solid-state NMR (SSNMR) techniques to investigate resin/polymer interactions and the effect of the resin on the dynamics of polymer chains. 13C direct excitation and cross-polarization spectra, combined with low-field measurements of 1H T1 and analysis of 1H on-resonance free-induction decay, provided information on the dynamic heterogeneity of the samples and the degree of mixing between the resin and the rubber matrix. Moreover, 1H T1 and T1ρ relaxation times at variable temperatures were used to investigate the effect of resin on both segmental dynamics activated at the glass transition and collective polymer dynamics. SSNMR findings were discussed in relation to crosslink density and Tg data. The obtained results show that the resin is intimately mixed with the polymer, while maintaining its rigid character. A slowdown of segmental dynamics, related to an increase in Tg, was found as a consequence of resin addition, while no effect was evidenced on fragility and collective polymer dynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Science and Engineering)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 5749 KiB  
Article
Effect of Different Comonomers Added to Graft Copolymers on the Properties of PLA/PPC/PLA-g-GMA Blends
by Lixin Song, Qian Zhang, Yongsheng Hao, Yongchao Li, Weihan Chi, Fei Cong, Ying Shi and Li-Zhi Liu
Polymers 2022, 14(19), 4088; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14194088 - 29 Sep 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3521
Abstract
The melt-free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with styrene (St), α-methylstyrene (AMS), and epoxy resin (EP) as comonomers in a twin-screw extruder was used to prepare PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers. The prepared graft copolymers were then used as [...] Read more.
The melt-free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with styrene (St), α-methylstyrene (AMS), and epoxy resin (EP) as comonomers in a twin-screw extruder was used to prepare PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers. The prepared graft copolymers were then used as compatibilizers to prepare PLA/PPC/PLA-g-GMA blends by melt blending with PLA and polypropylene carbonate (PPC), respectively. The effects of different comonomers in the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers on the thermal, rheological, optical, and mechanical properties and microstructure of the blends were studied. It was found that the grafting degree of PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers was increased to varying degrees after the introduction of comonomers in the PLA-g-GMA grafting reaction system. When St was used as the comonomer, the grafting degree of the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymer increased most significantly, from 0.8 to 1.6 phr. St as a comonomer also most improved the compatibility between PLA and PPC, and the haze of the blends was reduced while maintaining high transmittance. In addition, the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymer with the introduction of St as a comonomer significantly improved the impact toughness of the blends, while the thermal stability and tensile strength of the blends remained largely unchanged. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical and Structure–Property Relationships of Polymer Composites)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

19 pages, 15509 KiB  
Article
Kinetics of the Glass Transition of Silica-Filled Styrene–Butadiene Rubber: The Effect of Resins
by Niclas Lindemann, Jürgen E. K. Schawe and Jorge Lacayo-Pineda
Polymers 2022, 14(13), 2626; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14132626 - 28 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3055
Abstract
Resins are important for enhancing both the processability and performance of rubber. Their efficient utilization requires knowledge about their influence on the dynamic glass transition and their miscibility behavior in the specific rubber compound. The resins investigated, poly-(α-methylstyrene) (AMS) and indene-coumarone (IC), differ [...] Read more.
Resins are important for enhancing both the processability and performance of rubber. Their efficient utilization requires knowledge about their influence on the dynamic glass transition and their miscibility behavior in the specific rubber compound. The resins investigated, poly-(α-methylstyrene) (AMS) and indene-coumarone (IC), differ in molecular rigidity but have a similar aromaticity degree and glass transition temperature. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations show an accumulation of IC around the silanized silica in styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) at high contents, while AMS does not show this effect. This higher affinity between IC and the silica surface leads to an increased compactness of the filler network, as determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The influence of the resin content on the glass transition of the rubber compounds is evaluated in the sense of the Gordon–Taylor equation and suggests a rigid amorphous fraction for the accumulated IC. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and fast differential scanning calorimetry (FDSC) are applied for the characterization of the dielectric and thermal relaxations as well as for the corresponding vitrification kinetics. The cooling rate dependence of the vitrification process is combined with the thermal and dielectric relaxation time by one single Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann–Hesse equation, showing an increased fragility of the rubber containing AMS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Testing of Soft Polymer Materials)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 6240 KiB  
Article
An Investigation on the Thermally Induced Compatibilization of SBR and α-Methylstyrene/Styrene Resin
by Arnaud Wolf, João Paulo Cosas Fernandes, Chuanyu Yan, Reiner Dieden, Laurent Poorters, Marc Weydert and Pierre Verge
Polymers 2021, 13(8), 1267; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081267 - 13 Apr 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3540
Abstract
The miscibility between two polymers such as rubbers and performance resins is crucial to achieve given targeted properties in terms of tire performances. To this aim, α-methylstyrene/styrene resin (poly(αMSt-co-St)) are used to modify the viscoelastic behavior of rubbers and to fulfill [...] Read more.
The miscibility between two polymers such as rubbers and performance resins is crucial to achieve given targeted properties in terms of tire performances. To this aim, α-methylstyrene/styrene resin (poly(αMSt-co-St)) are used to modify the viscoelastic behavior of rubbers and to fulfill the requirements of the final applications. The initial aim of this work was to understand the influence of poly(αMSt-co-St) resins blended at different concentrations in a commercial styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). Interestingly, while studying the viscoelastic properties of SBR blends with poly(αMSt-co-St), crosslinking of the rubber was observed under conditions where it was not expected to happen. Surprisingly, after the crosslinking reactions, the poly(αMSt-co-St) resin was irreversibly miscible with SBR at concentrations far above its immiscibility threshold. A detailed investigation involving characterization technics including solid state nuclear magnetic resonance led to the conclusion that poly(αMSt-co-St) is depolymerizing under heating and can graft onto the chains of SBR. It results in an irreversible compatibilization mechanism between the rubber and the resin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Rubber Composite)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying article 1-50 on page 1 of 1.
Back to TopTop