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Authors = Bharathi Karunakaran

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23 pages, 3195 KiB  
Review
Collagen-Based Hydrogels for the Eye: A Comprehensive Review
by Dhwani Rana, Nimeet Desai, Sagar Salave, Bharathi Karunakaran, Jyotsnendu Giri, Derajram Benival, Srividya Gorantla and Nagavendra Kommineni
Gels 2023, 9(8), 643; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9080643 - 9 Aug 2023
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5878
Abstract
Collagen-based hydrogels have emerged as a highly promising platform for diverse applications in ophthalmology, spanning from drug delivery systems to biomedical interventions. This review explores the diverse sources of collagen, which give rise to different types of collagen protein. The critical isolation and [...] Read more.
Collagen-based hydrogels have emerged as a highly promising platform for diverse applications in ophthalmology, spanning from drug delivery systems to biomedical interventions. This review explores the diverse sources of collagen, which give rise to different types of collagen protein. The critical isolation and purification steps are discussed, emphasizing their pivotal role in preparing collagen for biomedical use. To ensure collagen quality and purity, and the suitability of collagen for targeted applications, a comprehensive characterization and quality control are essential, encompassing assessments of its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Also, various cross-linking collagen methods have been examined for providing insight into this crucial process. This comprehensive review delves into every facet of collagen and explores the wide-ranging applications of collagen-based hydrogels, with a particular emphasis on their use in drug delivery systems and their potential in diverse biomedical interventions. By consolidating current knowledge and advancements in the field, this review aims to provide a detailed overview of the utilization of engineered collagen-based hydrogels in ocular therapeutics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery)
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24 pages, 2710 KiB  
Review
Versatility of Liposomes for Antisense Oligonucleotide Delivery: A Special Focus on Various Therapeutic Areas
by Raghav Gupta, Sagar Salave, Dhwani Rana, Bharathi Karunakaran, Arun Butreddy, Derajram Benival and Nagavendra Kommineni
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(5), 1435; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15051435 - 8 May 2023
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 5249
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics, specifically antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), can effectively modulate gene expression and protein function, leading to long-lasting curative effects. The hydrophilic nature and large size of oligonucleotides present translational challenges, which have led to the exploration of various chemical modifications and delivery [...] Read more.
Nucleic acid therapeutics, specifically antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), can effectively modulate gene expression and protein function, leading to long-lasting curative effects. The hydrophilic nature and large size of oligonucleotides present translational challenges, which have led to the exploration of various chemical modifications and delivery systems. The present review provides insights into the potential role of liposomes as a drug delivery system for ASOs. The potential benefits of liposomes as an ASO carrier, along with their method of preparation, characterization, routes of administration, and stability aspects, have been thoroughly discussed. A novel perspective in terms of therapeutic applications of liposomal ASO delivery in several diseases such as cancer, respiratory disease, ophthalmic delivery, infectious diseases, gastrointestinal disease, neuronal disorders, hematological malignancies, myotonic dystrophy, and neuronal disorders remains the major highlights of this review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Carbohydrate in Pharmaceuticals, Vaccines and Delivery Systems)
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69 pages, 17242 KiB  
Review
Chitosan: A Potential Biopolymer in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications
by Nimeet Desai, Dhwani Rana, Sagar Salave, Raghav Gupta, Pranav Patel, Bharathi Karunakaran, Amit Sharma, Jyotsnendu Giri, Derajram Benival and Nagavendra Kommineni
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(4), 1313; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041313 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 333 | Viewed by 19040
Abstract
Chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide derived from chitin, has surfaced as a material of promise for drug delivery and biomedical applications. Different chitin and chitosan extraction techniques can produce materials with unique properties, which can be further modified to enhance their bioactivities. [...] Read more.
Chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide derived from chitin, has surfaced as a material of promise for drug delivery and biomedical applications. Different chitin and chitosan extraction techniques can produce materials with unique properties, which can be further modified to enhance their bioactivities. Chitosan-based drug delivery systems have been developed for various routes of administration, including oral, ophthalmic, transdermal, nasal, and vaginal, allowing for targeted and sustained release of drugs. Additionally, chitosan has been used in numerous biomedical applications, such as bone regeneration, cartilage tissue regeneration, cardiac tissue regeneration, corneal regeneration, periodontal tissue regeneration, and wound healing. Moreover, chitosan has also been utilized in gene delivery, bioimaging, vaccination, and cosmeceutical applications. Modified chitosan derivatives have been developed to improve their biocompatibility and enhance their properties, resulting in innovative materials with promising potentials in various biomedical applications. This article summarizes the recent findings on chitosan and its application in drug delivery and biomedical science. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Applications of Chitosan-Based Nanomaterials)
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31 pages, 4158 KiB  
Review
Emerging Trends in Lipid-Based Vaccine Delivery: A Special Focus on Developmental Strategies, Fabrication Methods, and Applications
by Bharathi Karunakaran, Raghav Gupta, Pranav Patel, Sagar Salave, Amit Sharma, Dhruv Desai, Derajram Benival and Nagavendra Kommineni
Vaccines 2023, 11(3), 661; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030661 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 6803
Abstract
Lipid-based vaccine delivery systems such as the conventional liposomes, virosomes, bilosomes, vesosomes, pH-fusogenic liposomes, transferosomes, immuno-liposomes, ethosomes, and lipid nanoparticles have gained a remarkable interest in vaccine delivery due to their ability to render antigens in vesicular structures, that in turn prevents its [...] Read more.
Lipid-based vaccine delivery systems such as the conventional liposomes, virosomes, bilosomes, vesosomes, pH-fusogenic liposomes, transferosomes, immuno-liposomes, ethosomes, and lipid nanoparticles have gained a remarkable interest in vaccine delivery due to their ability to render antigens in vesicular structures, that in turn prevents its enzymatic degradation in vivo. The particulate form of lipid-based nanocarriers confers immunostimulatory potential, making them ideal antigen carriers. Facilitation in the uptake of antigen-loaded nanocarriers, by the antigen-presenting cells and its subsequent presentation through the major histocompatibility complex molecules, leads to the activation of a cascade of immune responses. Further, such nanocarriers can be tailored to achieve the desired characteristics such as charge, size, size distribution, entrapment, and site-specificity through modifications in the composition of lipids and the selection of the appropriate method of preparation. This ultimately adds to its versatility as an effective vaccine delivery carrier. The current review focuses on the various lipid-based carriers that have been investigated to date as potential vaccine delivery systems, the factors that affect their efficacy, and their various methods of preparation. The emerging trends in lipid-based mRNA vaccines and lipid-based DNA vaccines have also been summarized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines for Infectious Pathogens)
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