Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Prevention of Yellow Fever
A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366).
Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 October 2025 | Viewed by 109
Special Issue Editor
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Yellow fever is an acute viral disease caused by the yellow fever flavivirus, belonging to the Flavivirus genus. It is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti in urban environments and mosquitoes of the Haemagogus and Sabethes genera in wild regions. The disease is endemic in tropical areas of Africa and South America, including Brazil, where periodic outbreaks are recorded.
The epidemiology of yellow fever varies depending on location and transmission cycle. The sylvatic cycle occurs when mosquitoes transmit the virus among non-human primates, with humans being accidentally infected when entering these areas. The urban cycle, currently eradicated, involves human-to-human transmission via Aedes aegypti. The periodic resurgence of the disease is associated with low vaccination coverage and the expansion of vector habitats.
The diagnosis of yellow fever is based on clinical criteria, laboratory tests, and histopathological analysis. Laboratory methods include detecting viral RNA through RT-PCR and serological tests, such as ELISA, to identify IgM and IgG antibodies. Differential diagnosis is essential due to its similarity to other arboviral diseases, such as dengue and Zika.
The primary form of prevention is the yellow fever vaccine, which is highly effective and safe, providing long-lasting immunity after a single dose. Vaccination campaigns are essential to maintain high coverage rates and prevent outbreaks. Additional measures include vector control and the use of physical barriers, such as repellents and mosquito nets, especially in endemic areas.
In this regard, this special edition is dedicated to studying aspects related to epidemiological surveillance, diagnosis, vaccines, and immune response to the yellow fever virus, which may contribute to public health in countries affected by this arboviral disease.
Dr. Gisela Freitas Trindade
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- yellow fever
- surveillance
- diagnosis
- vaccination coverage
- immune response
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