Announcements

31 May 2018
2017 CiteScore™ Metrics Released

The 2017 CiteScore™ data is available now, based on citation data in the Scopus® database. The current CiteScore reflects citation activity in 2017 for articles published in 2014‒2016. Please note that the list below includes journals assigned a CiteScore in this year’s release. For a full list of journals indexed in Scopus, please see our journal list.

Thirteen of our journals received a CiteScore which is in the top 10% of the distribution in at least one of the categories (marked with * in the table below), while a further 32 journals exhibit scores that are in the first quartile of the respective categories.

To access the full data for MDPI journals, please see here. More data can also be found in SJR Scimago Journal & Country Rank.

Unlike CiteScores and the widely used Journal Impact Factors, the Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) metrics are normalized in order to correct for differences in citation practices between scientific fields. Therefore, the SNIP allows direct comparison between journals specialized in different fields.

According to 2017 data, MDPI publishes six journals with an average citation impact, or SNIP, in excess of 1.500. These journals are Biomolecules, Cancers, Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM), Marine Drugs, Remote Sensing and Sensors (see the last column in the table below).

CiteScore Data for MDPI Journals

Journal Rank (Quartile)
Category Link CiteScore 2017
2016

2015
SNIP 2017
Aerospace 43/116 (Q2) • Aerospace Engineering Link 1.23 - -  1.152
Agriculture 69/309 (Q1)

91/398 (Q1)
78/255 (Q2)
• Agronomy and Crop Science
• Plant Science
• Food Science
Link 1.93 - -  1.133
Agronomy 46/309 (Q1) • Agronomy and Crop Science Link 2.38 - -  1.115
Algorithms 22/46 (Q2)
61/125 (Q2)

60/107 (Q3)

64/114 (Q3)
• Numerical Analysis
• Computational Mathematics
• Computational Theory and Mathematics
• Theoretical Computer Science
Link 1.03 1.15 1.07  0.749
Animals 12/154 (Q1) *
48/367 (Q1)
• General Veterinary
• Animal Science and Zoology
Link 2.02 1.46 1.66  1.099
Antibiotics 6/68 (Q1) *


62/263 (Q1)
55/230 (Q1)
31/108 (Q2)
47/134 (Q2)
139/398 (Q2)
• General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
• Infectious Diseases
• Pharmacology (medical)
• Microbiology (medical)
• Microbiology
• Biochemistry
Link 2.85 1.65 -  0.975
Antibodies 43/143 (Q2)
61/164 (Q2)
85/189 (Q2)
• Drug Discovery
• Immunology and Allergy
• Immunology
Link 2.85 - -  0.844
Antioxidants 23/119 (Q1)
35/169 (Q2)
100/398 (Q2)
119/367 (Q2)
102/264 (Q2)
• Clinical Biochemistry
• Physiology
• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Cell Biology
Link 3.42 - -  1.361
Applied Sciences 48/270 (Q1)
15/66 (Q1)

31/116 (Q2)
18/53 (Q2)

151/434 (Q2)

186/535 (Q2)
• General Engineering
• Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
• Instrumentation
• Process Chemistry and Technology
• General Materials Science
• Computer Science Applications
Link 1.90 - -  0.801
Biology 12/177 (Q1)*

32/186 (Q1)


10/40 (Q1)
• General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
• General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
• General Immunology and Microbiology
Link 3.48 3.02 2.78  0.961
Biomolecules 31/398 (Q1) *
41/367 (Q1)
• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
Link 5.72 1.67 3.08  1.542
Biosensors 20/119 (Q1) • Clinical Biochemistry Link 3.59 2.83 2.37  1.122
Brain Sciences 47/111 (Q2) • General Neuroscience Link 2.56 - -  0.695
Cancers 26/323 (Q1) *
23/191 (Q1)
• Oncology
• Cancer Research
Link 5.82 5.02 4.07  1.567
Catalysts 32/151 (Q1)

21/46 (Q2)
• Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
• Catalysis
Link 3.23 3.44 3.45  0.954
Crystals 76/272 (Q2)

140/434 (Q2)

127/398 (Q2)

26/64 (Q2)
• General Chemical Engineering
• General Materials Science
• Condensed Matter Physics
• Inorganic Chemistry
Link 1.97 1.89 1.47  0.745
Diagnostics 49/119 (Q2) • Clinical Biochemistry Link 2.43 - -  0.788
Diversity 30/124 (Q1)

14/52 (Q2)


83/306 (Q2)
11/29 (Q2)
• Nature and Landscape Conservation
• Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
• Ecology
• Ecological Modelling
Link 2.15 2.03 1.96  1.300
Electronics 109/644 (Q1)

26/148 (Q1)

42/224 (Q1)

50/259 (Q1)

23/96 (Q1)
• Electrical and Electronic Engineering
• Hardware and
Architecture
• Control and Systems Engineering
• Computer Networks and Communications
• Signal Processing
Link 2.97 - -  1.227
Energies 6/73 (Q1) *
31/192 (Q1)

103/644 (Q1)

4/16 (Q1)
47/140 (Q2)
• Control and Optimization
• Energy Engineering and Power Technology
• Electrical and Electronic Engineering
• Energy (miscellaneous)
• Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Link 3.11 2.50 2.87  1.340
Entropy 35/202 (Q1) • General Physics and Astronomy Link 2.41 1.87 1.99  1.189
Forests 17/129 (Q1) • Forestry Link 2.31 2.06 1.76  0.990
Future Internet 132/259 (Q3) • Computer Networks and Communications Link 1.25 - - -
Games 132/187 (Q3)
78/110 (Q3)

305/418 (Q3)
• Statistics and Probability
• Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty
• Applied Mathematics
Link 0.61 0.87 0.57  1.038
Genes 21/91 (Q1)
74/311 (Q1)
• Genetics (clinical)
• Genetics
Link 3.49 3.62 3.18  0.374
Geosciences 32/182 (Q1)

• General Earth and Planetary Sciences Link 1.97 1.67 1.29  0.856
Information 143/251 (Q3) • Information Systems Link 1.16 0.78 0.94  1.146
Insects 27/135 (Q1) • Insect Science Link 1.85 1.81 1.38  0.719
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) 80/478 (Q1)


34/106 (Q2)
• Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
• Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Link 2.41 2.38 2.42  0.931
International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) 7/69 (Q1) *
61/535 (Q1)

20/163 (Q1)
9/64 (Q1)
26/151 (Q1)

89/367 (Q2)
17/46 (Q2)
• Spectroscopy
• Computer Science Applications
• Organic Chemistry
• Inorganic Chemistry
• Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Catalysis
Link 3.86 3.73 3.37  0.998
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI) 79/605 (Q1)

22/82 (Q2)

13/36 (Q2)
• Geography, Planning and Development
• Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
• Computers in Earth Sciences
Link 2.10 1.62 1.52  1.062
Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) 10/841 (Q1) * • General Medicine Link 7.07 - -  1.535
Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB) 43/199 (Q1)
23/77 (Q2)
• Biomedical Engineering
• Biomaterials
Link 3.47 - -  1.344
Journal of Low Po-
wer Electronics and Applications (JLPEA)
301/644 (Q2) • Electrical and Electronic Engineering Link 1.12 0.98 0.83  0.367
Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM) 54/189 (Q2) • Medicine (miscellaneous) Link 2.61 - -  0.944
Land 50/124 (Q2)

129/306 (Q2)
36/65 (Q3)
• Nature and Landscape Conservation
• Ecology
• Global and Planetary Change
Link 1.44 - -  0.658
Life 4/94 (Q1) *
70/561 (Q1)

40/186 (Q1)


20/80 (Q2)
• Palaeontology
• Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
• General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
• Space and Planetary Science
Link 3.16 2.95 1.68  0.935
Marine Drugs 17/146 (Q1) • Drug Discovery Link 4.58 3.83 3.66  1.537
Materials 83/434 (Q1) • General Materials Science Link 3.02 3.26 3.11  1.285
Membranes 5/18 (Q2)

15/53 (Q2)

4/10 (Q2)
• Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)
• Process Chemistry and Technology
• Filtration and Separation
Link 2.69 2.19 2.95  0.880
Metabolites 47/209 (Q1)

103/398 (Q2)
127/367 (Q2)
• Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
Link 3.35 - -  0.925
Metals 155/434 (Q2) • General Materials Science Link 1.87 - -  0.955
Micromachines 105/554 (Q1)
154/644 (Q1)

64/224 (Q2)
• Mechanical Engineering
• Electrical and Electronic Engineering
• Control and Systems Engineering
Link 2.31 1.83 1.78  0.987
Minerals 33/175 (Q1)


45/208 (Q1)
• Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
• Geology
Link 2.21 2.13 1.77  1.149
Molecules 4/25 (Q1)

25/172 (Q1)
18/104 (Q1)
31/163 (Q1)
30/151 (Q1)

31/146 (Q1)
55/160 (Q2)
• Chemistry (miscellaneous)
• Pharmaceutical Science
• Analytical Chemistry
• Organic Chemistry
• Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
• Drug Discovery
• Molecular Medicine
Link 3.27 3.09 2.65  1.146
Nutrients 11/255 (Q1) *
9/112 (Q1) *
• Food Science
• Nutrition and Dietetics
Link 4.35 4.29 4.07  1.403
Pathogens 38/263 (Q1)
20/108 (Q1)
9/40 (Q1)

40/164 (Q1)
110/367 (Q2)
• Infectious Diseases
• Microbiology (medical)
• General Immunology and Microbiology
• Immunology and Allergy
• Molecular Biology
Link 3.52 - -  1.166
Pharmaceuticals 14/172 (Q1) *
33/160 (Q1)
• Pharmaceutical Science
• Molecular Medicine
Link 4.12 4.90 3.64  1.370
Pharmaceutics 21/172 (Q1) • Pharmaceutical Science Link 3.68 3.83 2.68  1.092
Photonics 30/116 (Q1)
80/270 (Q2)

53/160 (Q2)
• Instrumentation
• Radiology Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
• Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Link 1.96 - -  0.817
Plants 73/561 (Q1)

48/389 (Q1)
44/306 (Q1)
• Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
• Plant Science
• Ecology
Link 3.13 - -  0.969
Polymers 17/142 (Q1)
63/359 (Q1)
• Polymers and Plastics
• General Chemistry
Link 3.30 3.74 3.37  1.213
Religions 26/389 (Q1) * • Religious Studies Link 0.56 - -  0.676
Remote Sensing 13/182 (Q1) * • General Earth and Planetary Sciences Link 4.03 3.56 3.76  1.559
Resources 19/142 (Q1)

39/261 (Q1)
• Nature and Landscape Conservation
• Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Link 2.69 - -  1.387
Scientia Pharmaceutica 92/172 (Q3) • Pharmaceutical Science Link 0.86 - -  0.513
Sensors 9/116 (Q1) *
25/160 (Q1)

100/644 (Q1)

19/104 (Q1)
113/398 (Q2)
• Instrumentation
• Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
• Electrical and Electronic Engineering
• Analytical Chemistry
• Biochemistry
Link 3.23 2.78 2.21  1.550
Social Sciences 81/213 (Q2) • General Social Sciences Link 0.60 - -  0.445
Sustainability 61/605 (Q1) *

55/261 (Q1)

60/140 (Q2)
• Geography, Planning and Development
• Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
• Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Link 2.37 1.96 1.78  1.030
Symmetry 44/327 (Q1)
17/45 (Q2)

16/40 (Q2)

14/25 (Q2)
• General Mathematics
• Computer Science (miscellaneous)
• Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)
• Chemistry (miscellaneous)
Link 1.32 1.12 0.95  0.802
Toxins 18/106 (Q1)

21/111 (Q1)
• Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
• Toxicology
Link 3.32 3.34 3.76  1.136
Vaccines 5/230 (Q1) *
13/263 (Q1) *
18/302 (Q1) *
11/146 (Q1) *
32/189 (Q1)
• Pharmacology (medical)
• Infectious Diseases
• Pharmacology
• Drug Discovery
• Immunology
Link 4.88 1.23 3.76  1.255
Viruses 29/263 (Q1)
16/68 (Q1)
• Virology
• Infectious Diseases
Link 3.88 3.60 3.74  1.130
Water 66/605 (Q1)

37/191 (Q1)

43/199 (Q1)
193/398 (Q2)
• Geography, Planning and Development
• Water Science and Technology
• Aquatic Science
• Biochemistry
Link 2.29 2.05 1.96  1.007

30 April 2018
Winners of the First MDPI Writing Prize

We are pleased to announce the results of the first MDPI Writing Prize. We received a large number of entries from across the globe on the theme of “The Global Benefits of Open Research”. It was a pleasure to read so many original, well-researched and well-presented ideas, and the final choice was not an easy one. We are pleased to announce that the winners are as follows:

1st prize (500 CHF, Swiss knife and certificate)

Edmond Sanganyado, Shantou University, China

2nd prizes (250 CHF, Swiss knife and certificate)

Kamala T. Rajahgopal, Asia e University, Malaysia
Yin Zhixuan, Qingdao University of Technology, China

3rd prizes (100 CHF, Swiss knife and certificate)

Alexandra Ticea, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania
Ankur Sarker, University of Virginia, USA
Daniel Attoye, United Arab Emirates University, UAE

Congratulations to all of them! The winning entries can be downloaded by clicking on the names above. A compilation of all entries will soon be available as an open access book.

The writing prize is sponsored by the MDPI English editing service.

23 March 2018
Check for Updates: A New Function in the Article PDF Version

At MDPI, we always want to keep you up to date. Even for already published articles, some corrections or minor changes may occur. To prevent you from missing any updates, from now on you will be able to access the latest version of any manuscript by clicking on the “check for updates” logo that you can find in the PDF file, even if you have saved the file on your computer.

13 March 2018
MDPI Becoming a Member of UKSG

We are proud to announce that MDPI is now a member of UKSG, the UK´s largest scholarly communications community. Through UKSG, different stakeholders share their knowledge and experience in order to improve the knowledge and information environment for researchers. UKSG´s members include universities, publishers, content providers, intermediaries, and other similar organisations. Members participate in discussions and events on issues around scholarly communications.

The UKSG Annual Conference and Exhibition is a flagship initiative from the UKSG and one of the most stimulating events in the scholarly communications calendar. It is held annually and attracts a large number of delegates. More information is available at https://www.uksg.org/events/annualconference

MDPI is delighted to be a part of this active community and we look forward to making our own contribution. We will continue to support organisations and initiatives that boost collaboration and vision within scholarly communication.

More information about UKSG can be found at https://www.uksg.org/. The full membership list is available at: https://www.uksg.org/members.

1 February 2018
MDPI Signed the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA)

The DORA initiative addresses the need for advanced approaches in the evaluation and measurement of the quality of scientific research outputs. It is a worldwide initiative covering all scholarly disciplines. MDPI proudly joins a list of more than 400 organizations around the world which support DORA’s recommendations for improving the way the quality of research results is evaluated.

More info can be found at http://www.ascb.org/dora/

19 December 2017
Announcing the MDPI English Writing Prize

 

The competition is still open until end of March! Please check out the banner for more details: https://mdpi-res.com/data/english-prize.pdf

15 December 2017
UCL Press Adopts the MDPI Editorial Platform JAMS

We are delighted to announce that UCL Press has adopted MDPI's Journal Article & Management System, JAMS, including production services. JAMS is a modular, integrated editorial platform for academic publishers. It offers flexibility, ease-of-use, and is a fully integrated solution for the end-to-end management of scholarly journals. JAMS is based on the software used to publish MDPI’s portfolio of journals. 

Ian Caswell, UCL Press Journals Manager, says he is "excited to see UCL Press and MDPI partner together to implement the JAMS submission system for all UCL Press journals. The system offered a flexible, efficient and straightforward solution for our processes from author submission to ready for publication. I am grateful for the valuable experience and support MDPI have offered and look forward to developing our programme with an effective submission system in place.” Dr Martyn Rittman, MDPI’s Publishing Services Manager, adds, “We are proud to support one of the UK’s premier university presses in their publishing operation. This is an excellent way for us at MDPI to share our experience and knowledge, and benefit the research community beyond our own journals.”

JAMS combines services that are kept separate for many publishers. The entire editorial process, production and invoicing (e.g. for open access article processing charges) are fully integrated into a single platform. This allows for efficient, fast manuscript processing. For further information about JAMS, see https://www.mdpi.com/publishing_services

23 November 2017
New Participants in the Institutional Open Access Program (IOAP)

We are pleased to welcome new participants to MDPI's Institutional Open Access Program (IOAP), designed to help institutions manage the transition to the Open Access publishing model. Researchers affiliated with participating universites benefit from a 10% discount on the Article Processing Charges (APC) for any paper published in an MDPI journal, while the participating library or university incurs no basic fee for participating in the program.

The IOAP set of free services, provided by MDPI to institutions that sign up, include:
  • No fee for participants and no obligation to prolong after the initial 12 months. The participants may withdraw from the programme at any time, and we will also keep it free for the library for as long as they continue in the programme.
  • Authors affiliated with the university will receive a 10% discount on the APC.
  • The institution is granted free access to the MDPI submission system and can receive free alerts of new submissions to our journals.
  • By default, authors from the institution will continue to be invoiced directly unless the institution opts for central billing.
  • Auto-archiving of papers into the institutions´ repository as long as it supports SWORD 1.3.

More details about the programme and a list of our current participant institutions can be found at: https://www.mdpi.com/about/ioap

Institutions which are interested to participate may do so online at: https://www.mdpi.com/ioap-form

The following North American universities have signed up to the IOAP program recently:

Connecticut College, USA
Emory University, USA
Florida International University, USA
Johns Hopkins University, USA
Mississippi State University, USA
Northeastern University, USA
Rice University, USA
University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Canada
University of Rhode Island, USA
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
University of Toronto, Canada
University of Windsor, Canada
University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA
Wellesley College, USA
West Virginia University, USA

Many prestigious institutions from Europe and Asia have joined as well:

Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation, Malaysia
Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
Newcastle University, UK
Northumbria University, UK
Southwest University, China
Technical University of Crete, Greece
University Malaya, Malaysia
University of Antwerp, Belgium
University of Cyprus, Cyprus
University of Manchester, UK
University of Reading, UK
University of Sussex, UK
University of Warwick, UK
West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Poland

We offer a warm welcome to the new participants!

10 November 2017
Available Journal Awards at MDPI

In order to reward the academic community, especially young researchers, and enhance communication among scientists, MDPI journals regularly offer various awards to researchers in specific fields, for example, Young Investigator Awards, Travel Awards, Best Paper Awards, and Best Poster Awards, etc. The awardees range from PhD students to junior scientists.

Currently, the following 44 awards given by MDPI journals are accepting applications. Please click on the award title below to check whether you are eligible for it and start the application process.

Subject

Journal

Award

Intended Awardee

Biology & Life Sciences

Animals

Travel Award 2018

PhD students or postdoctoral researchers

Antioxidants

Travel Awards 2018

Postdoctoral researchers or PhD students

Biology

Travel Award 2018

PhD or postdoctoral fellows

Forests

2019 Travel award

Postdocs or PhD students

International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS)

Outstanding Contribution Awards 2018

Ground-breaking contribution in the fields of Molecular Biology, and Molecular Pathology

Journal of Fungi (JoF)

Travel Awards 2018

PhD graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows

Life

Travel Award 2018

PhD students or postdoctoral fellows

Metabolites

Travel Award 2018

PhD students

Pharmaceuticals

Travel Award 2018

PhD students

Toxins

Travel Award 2018

Postdoctoral fellows

Viruses

Best Oral Presentation Award 2018

Viruses 2018 participants

Viruses

Best Poster Award 2018

Viruses 2018 participants

Water

2018 Young Investigator Award

Young investigators

Chemistry & Materials Science

Biomimetics

 

Travel Award 2018

Graduate Student or Postdoctoral Trainee / Research Associate

Catalysts

Travel Award 2018

PhD students

Chemosensors

Travel Award 2018

PhD or postdoctoral fellows

Entropy

Young Investigator Award 2018

Young investigators

Fibers

2018 Travel award

Postdocs or PhD students

Magnetochemistry

Travel Award 2018

Postdocs

Materials

Travel Award 2018

PhD or postdoctoral fellows

Metals

Travel Award 2018

PhD or postdoctoral fellows

Minerals

Travel Awards 2018

PhD or postdoctoral fellows

Sensors

Travel Award 2018

PhD or postdoctoral fellows

Sensors

Outstanding Reviewer Awards 2017

Sensors' reviewers in 2017

Sensors

Young Investigator Award 2018

Young investigators

Technologies

Travel Award 2018

PhD students

Computer Science & Mathematics

Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI)

Travel Awards 2018

Postdoctoral researchers or PhD students

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information(IJGI)

2018 Travel Award

Postdocs

Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN)

Travel Award 2018

Postdoctoral fellows and PhD students

Journal of Imaging

Travel Award 2018

Postdoctoral fellows and PhD students

Engineering

Actuators

Travel Award 2018

PhD or postdoctoral fellows

Remote Sensing

Best Paper Awards 2019

Authors

Machines

Travel Award 2018

PhD or postdoctoral fellows

Micromachines

Travel Awards 2018

PhD or postdoctoral fellows

Fluids

Travel Award 2018

Postdoctoral fellows and PhD students

ChemEngineering

Travel Award 2018

Postdoctoral researchers and PhD students

Environmental & Earth Sciences

Diversity

Travel Awards 2018

Postdoctoral fellows

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH)

Best Paper Award 2018

Authors who submit from 1 Nov 2017 to 31 Oct 2018

Resources

Travel Award 2018

Postdocs or PhD students

Geosciences

Travel Award 2018

Postdoctoral fellows and PhD students

Physical Sciences & Astronomy

Galaxies

Travel Award 2018

Ph.D. students, postdoctoral fellows, or lecturers in cosmology or galaxies physics

Applied Science

Travel Award 2018

Postdocs

Medicine & Pharmacology; Public Health & Healthcare

Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM)

2018 Travel Award

PhD or postdoctoral fellows

Medicines

Travel Award 2018

Postdocs

7 November 2017
MDPI has signed the Jussieu Call for Open Science and Bibliodiversity

The Jussieu Call aims to develop and implement alternative models to meet the aims of open science while promoting bibliodiversity. In particular it wishes to promote new business models for funding open access publication. It was drafted on the Jussieu campus in Paris by a group of French researchers and scientific publishing professionals.

MDPI supports scholarly communities and initiatives that innovate and further promote Open Access publishing. There is a need to explore different frameworks to fund open access in ways that ensure that excessive funds are not diverted from research towards publishing. Many fair funding models already exist, and they can be further developed and extended. These include institutional support, library contributions or subsidies, premium services, participatory funding, etc. For this reason, MDPI has signed up to the Jussieu call and welcomes its aims.

More information can be found at http://jussieucall.org/ (archived here)

 

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