Turbulent Spray Combustion: Mechanism Research and Modeling

A special issue of Fire (ISSN 2571-6255). This special issue belongs to the section "Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation of Combustion and Fire".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 18 February 2026 | Viewed by 208

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Interests: numerical simulation of turbulent combustion; jet atomization; detonation; low emission

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Turbulent spray combustion plays a key role in energy efficiency and emission control in propulsion and power systems, involving complex interactions between multiphase flows, turbulence, and chemical kinetics. Challenges span from resolving multiscale phenomena (e.g., droplet dynamics, evaporation, and turbulence–chemistry coupling) to validating models against high-fidelity experiments. Advancing predictive capabilities in this field is vital for optimizing clean combustion technologies and enabling sustainable engineering solutions.

This Special Issue seeks contributions addressing fundamental mechanisms, innovative modeling approaches, and experimental advancements in turbulent spray combustion. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. High-fidelity numerical methods for gas–liquid multiphase flows.
  2. Turbulent combustion modeling for two-phase reactive flows.
  3. Atomization/evaporation model development and calibration.
  4. Multiscale modeling of spray combustion processes.
  5. Droplet interaction mechanisms and modeling.
  6. Computational analysis of spray combustion in practical combustors.
  7. Machine learning-enhanced modeling and validation.
  8. Innovative diagnostic techniques for spray combustion.

By bridging theory, simulation, and experiments, this Special Issue aims to accelerate breakthroughs in spray combustion research for next-generation applications.

Dr. Jianfeng Zou
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • turbulent spray combustion
  • multiphase flows
  • turbulence–chemistry interaction
  • droplet collision
  • droplet evaporation
  • droplet dynamics
  • atomization and evaporation
  • combustion diagnostics
  • spray combustion modeling
  • machine learning in combustion

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 12531 KiB  
Article
Detailed Numerical Simulation of Planar Liquid Sheet Atomization: Instability Dynamics, Ligament Formation, and Self-Destabilization Mechanisms
by Ziting Zhao, Chenglin Zhou, Jianfeng Zou, Jiaqi Sun and Yufeng Yao
Fire 2025, 8(5), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8050195 - 13 May 2025
Viewed by 134
Abstract
The primary atomization of planar liquid sheets near nozzle exits plays a critical role in the study of pressure-swirl atomizers, yet its intrinsic destabilization and breakup mechanisms remain insufficiently characterized due to the multi-scale nature of gas–liquid interactions, significantly limiting the predictive capacity [...] Read more.
The primary atomization of planar liquid sheets near nozzle exits plays a critical role in the study of pressure-swirl atomizers, yet its intrinsic destabilization and breakup mechanisms remain insufficiently characterized due to the multi-scale nature of gas–liquid interactions, significantly limiting the predictive capacity of current widely adopted atomization models. This study utilizes three-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNSs) with adaptive mesh refinement and the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method to examine the instability and disintegration of a spatially developing planar liquid sheet under operating conditions representative of aero-engine combustors (thickness h=100 μm, We=2544, Re=886). Adaptive grid resolution (minimum cell size 2.5 μm) enables precise resolution of multi-scale interface dynamics while maintaining mass conservation errors below 0.1‱. High-fidelity simulations reveal distinct atomization cascades originating from the jet tip, characterized by liquid sheet roll-up, interface expanding, interface tearing, and ligament/droplet formation. Through extraction and surface characterization of representative shed liquid ligaments, we quantify temporal and spatial variations between ligaments propagating toward and away from the jet core region. Key findings demonstrate that ligament impingement on the liquid core serves as the dominant mechanism for surface wave destabilization, surpassing the influence of initial gas–liquid shear at the nozzle exit. Spectral analysis of upstream surface waves reveals a pronounced correlation between high-wavenumber disturbances and the mean diameter of shed ligaments. These results challenge assumptions in classical atomization models (e.g., LISA) by highlighting self-destabilization mechanisms driven by droplet–ligament interactions. This work provides critical insights for refining engineering atomization models through physics-based ligament diameter prediction criteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Turbulent Spray Combustion: Mechanism Research and Modeling)
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