The “Extractive Metallurgy” Section of Metals (ISSN: 2075-4701) covers the field of metal production and focuses on a deeper understanding of the extraction of metals from primary raw materials (concentrates, mining and mineral processing waste) and the recovery of metals from secondary raw materials (scrap, end-of-life products, industrial waste and intermediates) through recycling. This Section also covers not only processes based on reaction chemistry, but also special metallurgy processes, e.g., physical refining.

As all the articles published in our journal are in an open access format, you have free and unlimited access to the full texts. We welcome you to read the top ten selected papers published in 2021 listed below:

“Water Electrolysis for the Production of Hydrogen to Be Employed in the Ironmaking and Steelmaking Industry”
by Pasquale Daniele Cavaliere, Angelo Perrone and Alessio Silvello
Metals 2021, 11(11), 1816; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111816
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1816

“Improved Metallurgical Effect of Tundish through a Novel Induction Heating Channel for Multistrand Casting”
by Haiyan Tang, Kaimin Wang, Xiaosong Li, Jinwen Liu and Jiaquan Zhang
Metals 2021, 11(7), 1075; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071075
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/7/1075

“Combined Effects of EMBr and SEMS on Melt Flow and Solidification in a Thin Slab Continuous Caster”
by Changjun Wang, Zhongqiu Liu and Baokuan Li
Metals 2021, 11(6), 948; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11060948
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/6/948

“Influence of Bio-Coal Properties on Carbonization and Bio-Coke Reactivity”
by Asmaa A. El-Tawil, Bo Björkman, Maria Lundgren, Astrid Robles and Lena Sundqvist Ökvist
Metals 2021, 11(11), 1752; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111752
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1752

“Flotation of Seafloor Massive Sulfide Ores: Combination of Surface Cleaning and Deactivation of Lead-Activated Sphalerite to Improve the Separation Efficiency of Chalcopyrite and Sphalerite”
by Kosei Aikawa, Mayumi Ito, Atsuhiro Kusano, Ilhwan Park, Tatsuya Oki, Tatsuru Takahashi, Hisatoshi Furuya and Naoki Hiroyoshi
Metals 2021, 11(2), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020253
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/2/253

“Extraction of the Rare Element Vanadium from Vanadium-Containing Materials by Chlorination Method: A Critical Review”
by Shiyuan Liu, Weihua Xue and Lijun Wang
Metals 2021, 11(8), 1301; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081301
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/8/1301

“High- and Ultra-High-Purity Aluminum, a Review on Technical Production Methodologies”
by Danilo C. Curtolo, Neng Xiong, Semiramis Friedrich and Bernd Friedrich
Metals 2021, 11(9), 1407; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11091407
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/9/1407

“Hydrometallurgical Recycling Process for Mobile Phone Printed Circuit Boards Using Ozone”
by Silvie Brožová, Magdalena Lisińska, Mariola Saternus, Bernadeta Gajda, Gražyna Simha Martynková and Aleš Slíva
Metals 2021, 11(5), 820; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050820
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/5/820

“Leaching Kinetics of Rare Earth Elements in Phosphoric Acid from Phosphate Rock”
by Zhili Li, Zhihao Xie, Jie Deng, Dongsheng He, Hengqin Zhao and Huan Liang
Metals 2021, 11(2), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020239
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/2/239

“Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Cu and Zn from a Complex Sulfide Mineral by Fe³⁺/H₂SO₄ Leaching in the Presence of Carbon-Based Materials”
by María Luisa Álvarez, José Manuel Fidalgo, Gabriel Gascó and Ana Méndez
Metals 2021, 11(2), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020286
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/2/286