This collection of publications compiles outstanding works published in Diversity (ISSN: 1424-2818) by Chinese academicians over the past 5 years, aiming to showcase their remarkable research achievements in the field of biodiversity science. It systematically showcases their pioneering contributions to this crucial discipline that concerns the future of life on earth—encompassing environmental microbiology, fungal biodiversity and phylogeny, plant–microbe interactions, ciliates biodiversity and vegetation ecology in alpine regions. These studies reveal the complexity and intrinsic connections of the living world from the macro-ecological level to the micro-molecular level, and provide a solid scientific basis for biodiversity monitoring and protection in both theory and practice.

“Bacterial Diversity and Community in Regional Water Microbiota between Different Towns in World’s Longevity Township Jiaoling, China”
by Lei Wu, Xinqiang Xie, Jumei Zhang, Yu Ding and Qingping Wu
Diversity 2021, 13(8), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/d13080361 
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/13/8/361

“Multi-Gene Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Hypoxylon (Hypoxylaceae, Ascomycota) from China”
by Haixia Ma, Zikun Song, Xiaoyan Pan, Yu Li, Zhanen Yang and Zhi Qu
Diversity 2022, 14(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/d14010037 
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/1/37

“Ectomycorrhizospheric Microbiome Assembly Rules of Quercus mongolica in the Habitat of SongRong (Tricholoma matsutake) and the Effect of Neighboring Plants”
by Yan-Ji Si, Yang Xu, Bin-Qi Li, Jin Liu, Li-Peng Meng, Yu Li, Rui-Qing Ji and Shu-Yan Liu
Diversity 2022, 14(10), 810; https://doi.org/10.3390/d14100810 
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/10/810

“Diversity of Pleurostomatid Ciliates: Morphology, Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny of Freshwater Isolates Found in a Northern China Wetland, with a Description of Two New Species“
by Gongaote Zhang, Yongqiang Liu, Hongbo Pan, Yujie Liu, Honggang Ma, Zhe Wang, Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid, Weibo Song and Hunter N. Hines
Diversity 2024, 16(5), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/d16050294 
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/16/5/294

“Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Ecological Stoichiometry of Shrub Fine Roots in the Alpine Region of Northwest China”
by Jian Ma, Qi Feng, Wei Liu, Bin Chen, Meng Zhu, Chengqi Zhang, Feng Ta, Xiaoping Tian, Yufang Zhan and Xiaopeng Li
Diversity 2024, 16(12), 748; https://doi.org/10.3390/d16120748
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/16/12/748

“Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Alpine Shrub Communities of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China”
by Jian Ma, Qi Feng, Guang Li, Wei Liu, Peng Chen, Ning Li, Wanjian Qian, Yufeng Teng, Xiaopeng Li and Jing Li
Diversity 2025, 17(3), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/d17030175 
Available online: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/3/175