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Cryo, Volume 1, Issue 2 (June 2025) – 2 articles

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11 pages, 2258 KiB  
Communication
Traveling-Wave Regenerator with Cryogenic Hydrogen as a Working Fluid
by Konstantin I. Matveev and Jacob W. Leachman
Cryo 2025, 1(2), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryo1020007 - 4 May 2025
Viewed by 219
Abstract
Using hydrogen as a working fluid in cryocoolers can potentially benefit cryocooling technologies and hydrogen liquefaction. Moreover, in flow-through thermoacoustic systems, hydrogen can be efficiently cooled and undergo ortho-parahydrogen isomeric conversion, which is important for the efficient storage of cryogenic hydrogen. A traveling-wave [...] Read more.
Using hydrogen as a working fluid in cryocoolers can potentially benefit cryocooling technologies and hydrogen liquefaction. Moreover, in flow-through thermoacoustic systems, hydrogen can be efficiently cooled and undergo ortho-parahydrogen isomeric conversion, which is important for the efficient storage of cryogenic hydrogen. A traveling-wave regenerator is analyzed in this study, using the thermoacoustic theory with a superimposed mean flow and an empirical correlation for hydrogen isomer conversion. A regenerator with hydrogen fluid is shown to achieve higher performance in comparison with helium as the working fluid. However, the hydrogen system performance degrades at supercritical pressures and subcritical temperatures in compressed liquid states. In regenerators with mean flow, using hydrogen as the working fluid leads to higher cooling powers and efficiencies, but helium systems are able to achieve colder temperatures. Full article
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18 pages, 2921 KiB  
Article
Thermodynamics Analysis of Cryogenic Supercritical Hydrogen Storage System Based on Multi-Stage Joule–Brayton Cycle
by Ruiqi Wan, Tenglong Yue, Jingxuan Xu, Wenjie Wu, Xi Chen and Binlin Dou
Cryo 2025, 1(2), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryo1020006 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 178
Abstract
The cryogenic supercritical hydrogen storage system offers notable advantages including heightened hydrogen storage density and operation under relatively moderate conditions compared to conventional hydrogen storage methodologies. In this study, a cryogenic supercritical hydrogen storage system based on the multi-stage Joule–Brayton refrigeration cycle is [...] Read more.
The cryogenic supercritical hydrogen storage system offers notable advantages including heightened hydrogen storage density and operation under relatively moderate conditions compared to conventional hydrogen storage methodologies. In this study, a cryogenic supercritical hydrogen storage system based on the multi-stage Joule–Brayton refrigeration cycle is presented, analyzed, and optimized. The proposed system employs a five-stage cascade cycle, each stage utilizes a distinct refrigerant, including propane, ethylene, methane, and hydrogen, facilitated by Joule–Brayton cycles, with expanders employed for mechanical work recovery, which is capable of effectively cooling hydrogen from ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure to a cryogenic supercritical state of −223.15 °C (50 K), 18,000 kPa, exhibiting a density of 73.46 kg/m3 and a hydrogen processing capacity of 2 kgH2/s. The genetic algorithm is applied to optimize 25 key parameters in the system, encompassing temperature, pressure, and flow rate, with the objective function is specific energy consumption. Consequently, the specific energy consumption of the system is 5.71 kWh/kgH2 with an exergy efficiency of 56.2%. Comprehensive energy analysis, heat transfer analysis, and exergy analysis are conducted based on the optimized system parameters, yielding insights crucial for the development of medium- and large-scale supercritical hydrogen storage systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficient Production, Storage and Transportation of Liquid Hydrogen)
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