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Arthropoda, Volume 2, Issue 4 (December 2024) – 2 articles

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14 pages, 3594 KiB  
Article
The Prevalence of Egg Parasitoids of Two Cobweb Spiders in a Tropical Urban Gradient
by Natalia Jiménez-Conejo, Paul E. Hanson, Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal and Geovanna Rojas-Malavasi
Arthropoda 2024, 2(4), 250-263; https://doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda2040018 - 27 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Parasitoidism strongly influences the structure of the spiders’ populations, and it can be affected by environmental factors such as those caused by anthropogenic actions. We studied the prevalence of parasitoids in egg sacs and the proportion of eggs parasitized in each egg sac [...] Read more.
Parasitoidism strongly influences the structure of the spiders’ populations, and it can be affected by environmental factors such as those caused by anthropogenic actions. We studied the prevalence of parasitoids in egg sacs and the proportion of eggs parasitized in each egg sac of two synanthropic spider species, one native to the American continent (Parasteatoda tepidariorum) and another recently introduced to the Americas (Latrodectus geometricus). We conducted the study at two scales, along an urban gradient (from highly urbanized to rural sites) and in the vegetation surrounding each sampling site (microscale). We expected to find a larger prevalence of parasitoids in the most urbanized sites and around sampling sites with more vegetation. However, we saw more parasitized egg sacs at the intermediate urbanized site for both species, and the vegetation surrounding the sampling sites did not affect the number of parasitized egg sacs. Therefore, conditions in the site with intermediate urban development favored parasitoids. We also found more parasitized egg sacs in P. tepidariorum than in L. geometricus, which is likely a consequence of native parasites not being adapted to a new host. The proportion of eggs parasitized was similar for both species in all sites, which may be related to the behavior (e.g., searching behavior) and number of spider eggs a female parasitoid can parasitize. Full article
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24 pages, 28809 KiB  
Article
New Cases of Teratology, Albinism, Abnormal Pigmentation, Gynandromorphism, and Injury Healing in Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones)
by Danniella Sherwood, Victoria Tang, Julien Tchilinguirian, Ludivine Lamare, Seth Croffy, Mark Stockmann, Jay Keller and Valerio Gerace
Arthropoda 2024, 2(4), 226-249; https://doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda2040017 - 21 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Eighteen new cases of teratology and other abnormalities within scorpions are presented, representing new cases of metasomal duplication, mesosomal anomaly, telson anomaly, albinism, and abnormal pigmentation. Furthermore, recently published literature on other scorpion anomalies are tabulated to update the recent 2023 checklist of [...] Read more.
Eighteen new cases of teratology and other abnormalities within scorpions are presented, representing new cases of metasomal duplication, mesosomal anomaly, telson anomaly, albinism, and abnormal pigmentation. Furthermore, recently published literature on other scorpion anomalies are tabulated to update the recent 2023 checklist of scorpion teratology which charted all known literature up to the aforementioned work. Full article
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